Abstract：The cellulose synthase (CesA) and cellulose synthase-like (Csl) gene families belonging to the cellulose synthase gene superfamily are responsible for the biosynthesis of cellulose, hemicellulose and pectin polysaccharides of the plant cell wall, and play critical roles in plant development, growth and evolution. In this study, 36 PpCesA/Csl gene family members were identified in the Prunus persica genome, encoding 394 to 1 527 amino acids, respectively. The average molecular weight of the proteins ranged from 44.85 to 171.80 kD, and the number of introns ranged from 4 to 16, containing 20 different motifs. The subcellular localization of PpCesA/ Csl protein was diverse and can be located in chloroplasts, golgi bodies, cell membranes, cytoplasm and mitochondria. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PpCesA/Csl could be divided into 7 subfamilies (CesA, CslA, CslB, CslC, CslD, CslE and CslG). All PpCesA/Csl proteins contained 7 transmembrane domains, of which 27 members contained cellulose synthase domain PF03552 and 9 members contained glycosyltransferase family 2 domain PF00535. In addition, the other 8 PpCesA subgroup members except PpCesA2 contained zinc finger domain zf-UDP, and the other 4 CslD subgroup members except PpCslD1 contained zinc finger domain zf-RING_4. The main conserved active sites of PpCesA/Csl protein were aspartic acid D, D, D residues, followed by QxxRW motif. Most PpCesA/Csl family members contained complete amino acid sequences of this active site. The results indicated that most of the CesA/Csl genes from peach were closely related to genes in Arabidopsis thaliana, but these families had unique characteristics in terms of their gene structure, chromosomal localization, phylogeny, and deduced protein sequences, suggesting that they had evolved through different processes. The transcriptome data of 'Qian Jianbai' peach during storage were used to analyze the expression characteristics of peach CesA/Csl members in mature fruit.The results showed that most peach CesA/Csl members were not expressed or very low expression level during the storage period in 'Qian Jianbai' fruit. Finally, 1 up-regulated member (PpCslE7), 3 down-regulated members (PpCesA6, PpCesA8, PpCslG1) and 1 relatively stable member (PpCslD2) were selected from the members with high expression levels in the transcriptome for analysis of expression characteristics. The qPCR analysis of PpCesA6, PpCesA8, PpCslD2, PpCslE7 and PpCslG1 in different tissues, fruits during different development and storage periods showed that the CesA/Csl genes were constitutively expressed at different levels in different organs. Furthermore, expression analysis of CesA/Csl genes in the fruit development stage showed PpCesA6, PpCesA8 and PpCslD2 all reached the peak expression at 65 d after flowering while PpCslE7 and PpCslG1 peaked at 80 d and 35 d after flowering, respectively. During fruit storage, PpCslD2 and PpCslE7 were up-regulated in both varieties, while PpCesA8 was down-regulated. PpCslG1 was highly expressed in the early storage period of 'Qinwang' fruit, but extremely low in the storage period of 'Shahong' fruit. The family analysis and expression characteristics of CesA/Csl gene in peach provide basic data for further functional study of CesA/Csl gene in peach and other Rosaceae species.
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