Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes During Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Maturation and the Effects of Treatment with Exogenous C2H4 and ABA on Their Expression
ZENG Wen-Jing, YANG Jun, CHEN Shi-Mei-Jie, WEI Xiao-Ying, WEN Guo-Qin, HE Zhuo-Yuan, WANG Qian, CHEN Xi-Tong, ZHOU Jia-Yan, ZOU Jian*
Key laboratory of Southwest Wildlife Resources Protection (Ministry of Education), China West Normal University, Nanchong 637009, China
Abstract：Firmness is an important indicator of fruit shelf-life, and cell wall metabolism is an important factor affecting the firmness and softening process of fruit. In order to understand the relationship among the softening process, cell wall metabolism genes and regulation of fruit ripening hormones in tomato (Solanum lycopersicum), the expression of cell wall metabolism genes during tomato fruit ripening was systematically analyzed, and the effects of the fruit ripening hormones, abscisic acid (ABA), ethylene (C2H4) and their inhibitors on the expression of these genes were investigated by applying exogenous hormones and their inhibitors and qRT-PCR technique. The results showed that the expression of cell wall metabolism related genes, SlCel1 (endo-β-1,4-glucanases), SlTBG7 (β-galactosidase precursor), SlXETB2-F2 (xyloglucanendotransglycosylase), SlXET4-F1, SlTBG3, SlCel2, SlExp1 (expansin), SlTBG1, SlPG (polygalacturonase) and SlTBG4 are increased with fruit maturation and softening, suggesting their close relation to the softening process during fruit ripening in tomato. The treatment results of fruit ripening hormones and their inhibitors indicated that exogenous ABA could promote the expressing of SlCel1, SlExp1, SlTBG3, SlTBG4 and SlXET4-F1 genes,while the expression of SlCel1, SlExp1 and SlTBG4 genes was inhibited by NDGA (nordihydroguaiaretic acid). The application of ethylene could up-regulate the expressing of SlExp1, SlPG and SlTBG4 genes, but their expressions were inhibited by 1-MCP (1-methylcyclopropene). These results implied that the regulation of cell wall metabolism related genes, SlCel1, SlExp1, SlTBG3, SlTBG4, SlPG and SlXET4-F1 require ABA and ethylene to regulate the softening process during fruit ripening. Therefore, appropriate application of NDGA or 1-MCP might be beneficial for inhibiting cell wall metabolism and would extend the fruit shelf-life by inhibiting the ABA and ethylene signaling. The cultivation of new tomato varieties with low expression levels of SlPG, SlCel1, SlExp1 and SlTBG4 genes may effectively realize a new way to keep tomatoes fresh and maintain good fruit quality after harvest. These results has guiding significance for realizing the ripening regulation of tomato fruit.
曾文静, 杨军, 陈世美杰, 韦小英, 文国琴, 何卓远, 王倩, 陈奚潼, 周家燕, 邹建. 番茄成熟过程中细胞壁代谢相关基因的表达及外源乙烯和ABA处理对其表达的影响[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(6): 1040-1049.
ZENG Wen-Jing, YANG Jun, CHEN Shi-Mei-Jie, WEI Xiao-Ying, WEN Guo-Qin, HE Zhuo-Yuan, WANG Qian, CHEN Xi-Tong, ZHOU Jia-Yan, ZOU Jian. Expression of Cell Wall Metabolism Genes During Tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) Maturation and the Effects of Treatment with Exogenous C2H4 and ABA on Their Expression. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(6): 1040-1049.
[1] 陈尚武, 张大鹏. 2000. ABA和Fluridone对苹果果实成熟的影响[J]. 植物生理学报, 26(2): 123-129. (Chen S W, Zhang D P.2000. Effects of ABA and Fluridone on apple fruit ripening[J]. Acta Photophysiologica Sinina, 26(2): 123-129.) [2] 赫崇慧, 李景富, 王傲雪. 2011. 外源ABA和GA对番茄果实成熟发育中糖苷酶活性的影响[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 42(07): 57-62. (He C H, Li J F, Wang A X.2011. Effect of exogenous ABA and GA on glycosidases activities during tomato development and ripening[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 42(07): 57-62.) [3] 刘涛, 王日葵. 2010. 水果成熟衰老与植物激素相关性研究进展[J]. 农产品加工(学刊), 5: 30-33. (Liu T, Wang R K.2010.Advances in research on the ripening and senescing of fruit in relation to plant hormones[J].Academic Periodicalof Farm Products Processing, 5: 30-33.) [4] 张丙秀, 王傲雪, 李景富. 2009. 番茄果实细胞壁水解酶研究进展[J]. 东北农业大学学报, 40(1): 128-132. (Zhang B X, Wang A X, Li J F.2009. Research progress of tomato fruit cell wallhydrolase[J]. Journal of Northeast Agricultural University, 40(1): 128-132.) [5] 张元薇, 辛颖, 陈复生. 2019. 果实软化过程中果胶降解酶及相关基因研究进展[J]. 保鲜与加工, 019(002): 147-153. (Zhang Y W, Xin Y, Chen F S.2019. Research progress of pectin degrading enzymes and related genes during fruit softening[J]. Storage and Process, 019(002): 147-153.) [6] Bastías A, López-Climent M, Valcárcel M, et al.2011. Modulation of organic acids and sugar content in tomato fruits by an abscisic acid-regulated transcription factor[J]. Physiolgia Plantarum, 141(3): 215-226. [7] Brummell D A, Harpster M H.2001. Cell wall metabolism in fruit softening and quality and its manipulation in transgenic plants[J]. Plant Molecular Biology, 47(1-2): 311-339. [8] Carey A T, Smith D L, Elizabeth H, et al.2001. Down-regulation of a ripening-related beta-galactosidase gene (TBG1) in transgenic tomato fruits[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 52(357): 663-668. [9] Edgar M, David L S, Kenneth C G.2003. Effect of ethylene on mRNA abundance of three β-galactosidase genes in wild type and mutant tomato fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 28(2): 207-217. [10] Gonzalez-Bosch C, Brummell D A, Bennett A B.1996. Differential expression of two endo-1, 4-β-glucanase genes in pericarp and locules of wild-type and mutant tomato fruit[J]. Physiolgia Plantarum, 111(4): 1313-1319. [11] Hiroko H, Takehiko S, Hiroshi F, et al.2006. Ethylene-regulation of fruit softening and softening-related genes in peach[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 57(15): 4071-4077. [12] Ke X, Wang H, Yang L, et al.2018.Genome-wide identification and analysis of polygalacturonase genes in Solanum lycopersicum[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(8):2290-2317. [13] Li L, Guo M, Wang X, et al.2017. Effects and mechanism of 1-methylcyclopropene and ethephon on softening in ailsacraig tomato fruit[J]. Journal of Food Processing and Preservation, 41(3): e12883. [14] Lu W, Nakano R, Kubo Y, et al.2004. Cloning and expression analysis of an XETcDNA in the peel and pulp of banana fruit ripening and softening[J]. Acta Botanica Sinica, 46(3): 355-362. [15] Lunn D, Phan T D, Tucker G A, et al.2013. Cell wall composition of tomato fruit changes during development and inhibition of vesicle trafficking is associated with reduced pectin levels and reduced softening[J]. Plant Physiolgia Bioch, 2013(66): 91-97. [16] Minoia S, Boualem A, Marcel F, et al.2016. Induced mutations in tomato SlExp1 alter cell wall metabolism and delay fruit softening[J]. Plant Science, 242(1): 195-202. [17] Mou W, Li D, Bu J, et al.2016. Comprehensive analysis of ABA effects on ethylene biosynthesis and signaling during tomato fruit ripening[J]. PLOS ONE, 11(4): e0154072. [18] Rahul K, Ashima K, Sharma A K.2014. Role of plant hormones and their interplay in development and ripening of fleshy fruits[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 2014(16): 4561-4575. [19] Rose J K C, Lee H H, Bennett A B.1997. Expression of a divergent expansin gene is fruit-specific and ripening-regulated[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of ences of the USA, 94(11): 5955-5960. [20] Setha S.2012. Roles of abscisic acid in fruit ripening[J]. Walailak Journal of Science and Technology. 9(12): 297-308. [21] Smith D L.2000. A family of at least seven β-galactosidase genes is expressed during tomato fruit development[J]. Plant Physiology, 123(3): 1173-1183. [22] Sun L, Sun Y F, Zhang M, et al.2012. Suppression of 9-cis-epoxycarotenoid dioxygenase, which encodes a key enzyme in abscisic acid biosynthesis, alters fruit texture in transgenic tomato[J]. Plant Physiology, 158(1): 283-298. [23] Villarreal N M, Hernán G R, Gustavo A, et al.2008.Polygalacturonase activity and expression of related genes during ripening of strawberry cultivars with contrasting fruit firmness[J]. Postharvest Biology & Technology, 47(2): 141-150. [24] Wang X, Yin W, Wu J, et al.2016. Effects of exogenous abscisic acid on the expression of citrus fruit ripening-related genes and fruit ripening[J]. Scientia Horticulturae, 201: 175-183. [25] Wen B, Ström A, Tasker A, et al.2013. Effect of silencing the two major tomato fruit pectin methylesterase isoforms on cell wall pectin metabolism[J]. Plant Biology, 15(6): 1025-1032. [26] Yang L, Huang W, Xiong F, et al.2017 Silencing of SlPL, which encodes a pectatelyase in tomato, confers enhanced fruit firmness, prolonged shelf-life and reduced susceptibility to grey mould[J]. Plant Biotechnology. 15(12): 1544-1555. [27] Zaharah S S, Singh Z, Symons G M, et al.2013. Mode of action of abscisic acid in triggering ethylene biosynthesis and softening during ripening in mango fruit[J]. Postharvest Biology and Technology, 75: 37-44. [28] Zhang M, Bing Y, Ping L.2009. The role of ABA in triggering ethylene biosynthesis and ripening of tomato fruit[J]. Journal of Experimental Botany, 60(6): 1579-1588.
