Abstract:Homeotic gene family with MADS-box is widely involved in the growth and development of plant and plant morphology construction. MADS-box genes can be classified into types I and type Ⅱ, type Ⅱ genes are also named as MIKC type. In this study, the MIKC type genes, from wheat(Triticum aestivum), rice(Oryza sativa) and arabidopsis (Arabidopsis thaliana) from genome databases published in plant transcription factor family databases, were carried out with multialignment and phylogenetic analysis. Total 51 MIKC family genes were screened out from Chinese Spring genomic sequence data. These MIKC type genes were classified into agamous(AG), suppressor of overexpression of constans(SOC), agamous-like gene 6(AGL6), sepallata/agamous-like gene 2(SEP/AGL2), short vegetative phase(SVP), pistillata(PI), apetala3(AP3), gnetum gnemon mads13(GGM13), agamous-like gene 12(AGL12), agamous-like gene 17(AGL17) and squamosa/apetala 1(SQUA/AP1) subfamilies And the number of genes in these subfamilies were 8, 2, 3, 6, 2, 3, 4, 8, 5, 5 and 5 respectively. Moreover. total 105 MIKC type genes were identified from the wheat amino acid sequences in NCBI database. Among them, 12 genes belonged to classA (SQUA/AP1 subfamily), 10 genes belonged to classB (AP3, PI and GGM13 subfamily), 7 genes belonged to classC (AG subfamily), 7 genes belonged to classD (AG subfamily), 28 genes belonged to classE (SEP/AGL2subfamily) according to ABCDE homeotic gene model. The remaining 41 genes belong to SOC, AGL6, SVP, AGL12, AGL17, and OsMADS32 subfamilies, the number of genes in these subfamilies were 11, 5, 12, 2, 8, and 3 respectively. Local blast analysis was carried out using wheat MIKC type full length transcripts identified above, total 46 MIKC type unigenes were screened out from the transcriptome data of the dwarf, multi-pistil and male sterility (dms) mutant. Cluster, phylogenetic and expression pattern analysis were carried out for the MIKC type unigenes. Five genes in class A, TaAP1-1 (T1_60629), TaAP1-2 (T4_56463), TaAP1-3 (T1_42731), TaAP1-3 (T4_52821) and TaAP1-3 (T2_46748), expressed highly in wheat young spikes than that in the young stem tips. Compared with the normal plants, genes TaAP1-2 (T4_56463) and TaSEP-5A (T2_44069) were down-regulated, genes TaPI-1 (T4_15141), TaMADS82 (T3_871), TaAG-2B (T2_43881), TaSEP-2B (T4_38414), Tam7 (T2_37491), TaSEP-4 (T4_8204) and TaMADS12 (T4_56460) were up-regulated in dms mutant. These genes may be associated with abnormal differentiation of wheat flower organs. These results provide useful information for further studies on MIKC type genes in wheat development.
[1]Alvarezbuylla, Elena R, Pelaz, et al.2000. An ancestral MADS-box gene duplication occurred before the divergence of plants and animals[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America, 97(10): 5328.[2]Becker A, Winter K U, Meyer B, et al.2000. MADS-box gene diversity in seed plants 300 million years ago[J]. Molecular Biology & Evolution, 17(10): 1425.[3]Becker, Annette, Thei?en G.2003. The major clades of MADS-box genes and their role in the development and evolution of flowering plants[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics & Evolution, 29(3): 464-489.[4]Ciaffi M, Paolacci A R, Aloisio E D, et al.2005. Identification and characterization of gene sequences expressed in wheat spikelets at the heading stage[J]. Gene, 346: 221-30.[5]Danyluk J, Kane N A, Breton G, et al.2005. TaVRT-1, a putative transcription factor associated with vegetative to reproductive transition in cereals[J]. Plant Physiology, 132: 1849.[6]Danyluk J, Ouellet F, Laliberté J, et al.2005. Tavrt-2, a member of the stmads-11 clade of flowering repressors, is regulated by vernalization and photoperiod in wheat[J]. Plant Physiology, 138(4): 2354.[7]De B S, Raes J, Van d P Y, Theissen G, et al.2003. And then there were many: mads goes genomic[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 8(10): 475-83.[8]Duan Z B, Shen C C, Li Q Y, et al.2015. Identification of a novel male sterile wheat mutant dms conferring dwarf status and multi-pistils[J]. The Journal of Integrative Agriculture, 14 (9): 1706-1714[9]Fu D, Sz P, Yan L, et al.2005. Large deletions within the first intron in vrn-1 are associated with spring growth habit in barley and wheat[J].Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 274(4): 442-443.[10]Grabherr M G, Haas B J, Yassour M, et al.2011. Trinity: reconstructing a full-length transcriptome without a genome from rna-seq data[J]. Nature Biotechnology, 29(7): 644-652.[11]Gross S M, Martin J A, Simpson J, et al.2013. Agave tequilana transcriptome profiling (rpkm values)[J].[12]Hama E, Takumi S, Ogihara Y, et al.2004. Pistillody is caused by alterations to the class-b mads-box gene expression pattern in alloplasmic wheats[J]. Planta, 218(5): 712-720.[13]Li G, Yu M, Fang T, et al.2013. Vernalization requirement duration in winter wheat is controlled by tavrn-a1 at the protein level[J]. Plant Journal, 76(5): 742–753.[14]Meguro A, Takumi S, Ogihara Y, et al.2003. Wag, a wheat agamous, homolog, is associated with development of pistil-like stamens in alloplasmic wheats[J]. Plant Reproduction, 15(5): 221-230.[15]Murai K.2013. Homeotic genes and the abcde model for floral organ formation in wheat[J]. Plants, 2(3): 379-395.[16]Murai K, Takumi S, Koga H, et al.2002. Pistillody, homeotic transformation of stamens into pistil-like structures, caused by nuclear-cytoplasm interaction in wheat[J]. Plant Journal, 29(2): 169-81.[17]Paolacci A R, Tanzarella O A, Porceddu E, et al.2007. Molecular and phylogenetic analysis of mads-box genes of mikc type and chromosome location of sep -like genes in wheat ( Triticum aestivum, L.)[J]. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 278(6): 689-708.[18]Riechmann J L, Meyerowitz E M.1997. MADS domain proteins in plant development[J]. Biological Chemistry, 378(10): 1079-1101.[19]Shitsukawa N, Tahira C, Kassai K, et al.2007. Genetic and epigenetic alteration among three homoeologous genes of a class E MADS box gene in hexaploid wheat[J]. Plant Cell, 19(6): 1723.[20]Szafron ?, Jagielski T, Dzikowska A.2009. MADS-box proteins combinatorial transcriptional regulators in fungi, animals and plants[J]. Postepy Biochemii, 55(1): 54-65.[21]Tanaka M, Tanaka H, Shitsukawa N, et al.2015. Homoeologous copy-specific expression patterns of MADS-box genes for floral formation in allopolyploid wheat[J]. Genes & Genetic Systems, 90(4).[22]Thei?en G, Becker A.2004. Plant Breeding: The ABCs of Flower Development in Arabidopsis, and Rice[J]. Progress in Botany. Springer Berlin Heidelberg, 2004:193-215.[23]Theissen G, Becker A, Rosa A D, et al.2000. A short history of MADS-box genes in plants[J]. Plant Molecular Evolution.Springer Netherlands, 2000:115-149.[24]Zhao T, Ni Z, Dai Y, et al.2006. Characterization and expression of 42 MADS-box genes in wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Molecular Genetics and Genomics, 276(4): 334-350.[25]Zhu X X, Li Q Y, Shen C C, et al.2016.Transcriptome Analysis for Abnormal Spike Development of the Wheat Mutantdms[J]. Plos One, 11(3): e0149287.