Abstract：Mongolian sheep (Ovis aries) and Dorper sheep, as excellent sheep breeds in China and South Africa, have good performance in stress resistance and mutton quality, but that little is known about the regulation of their heat response. In this study, By Illumina HiSeq system, the skeletal muscles of Mongolian sheep and Dorper sheep were sampled and RNA-sequence (RNA-seq) under heat condition (＞30 ℃), and further detected 252 differentially expressed protein-coding genes (including 109 annotated genes) and 60 long non-coding RNA genes. Based on gene functional enrichment, pathway enrichment analysed and previous studied for differentially expressed genes, 19 heat-response-related protein-coding genes were screened out. Immediate early response 5 (IER5), arly growth response 1 (EGR1), sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1 (SPRED1), testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated (TEX15), etc 15 genes were involved in heat-response of skeletal muscle in Mongolian sheep. Angiopoietin like 7 (ANGPTL7), circadian associated repressor of transcription (CIART), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12), calcium and integrin binding family member 2 (CIB2) were involved in heat-response of skeletal muscle in Dorper sheep. The biological functions of above 19 protein-coding genes contained cellular heat response, heat shock protein binding, calcium ion binding, folding-competent state maintaining of denatured protein and DNA repair etc. Heat-response-related BCL2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A4 (DNAJA4), heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like (HSPA1L), EGR1, IER5, DNAJB1 and myosin light chain 10 (MYL10) were trans-regulated by lncRNA transcripts of long non-coding RNA genes XLOC_1944721, XLOC_3483583, XLOC_775492, etc. Above heat-response protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNA genes can make people comprehend heat regulation in sheep, while the genes also provide molecular theoretical basis for livestock breeding on targeting heat-resistant.
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