Abstract：Flower development has vital significance for the reproduction of plant offspring, and the genes of MADS-box family play an important role in this process. In order to explore the function of the MADS-box gene transcription factor 6 (Trans6) in the flower development of sunflower (Helianthus annuus), HaTrans6 gene (GenBank No. XM_022141206.1) was cloned from sunflower and was analyzed systematically. The information analysis of gene sequence showed that HaTrans6 had typical MADS-box and K-box conserved domains, and HaTrans6 was a candidate member gene of MADS-box. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that HaTrans6 gene had the closest homologous relationship with Agamous-like 13 gene (AGL13) and AGL6 gene of Arabidopsis thaliana. The expression pattern analysis indicated that HaTrans6 gene was highly expressed in flower and immature seed. The high and stable expression level was observed from floral organ primordial stage to 5 d after flowering, and reached its top level at floral organ primordial stage. In addition, it was shown that HaTrans6 gene was expressed in bract, crown, petal, stamen, pistil and ovary on 5 d before and the very day of flowering, and the highest expression abundance was found in the ovary, followed by bracts. The above results suggested that Hatrans6 gene might play an important role in regulating floral development and early fruit development of the sunflower. The present study provides basic data for further investigation about the function of Hatrans6 gene.
1 吕山花, 孟征. 2007. MADS-box基因家族基因重复及其功能的多样性[J]. 植物学通报, 24(1): 60-70. (Lv S H, Meng Z.2007. Gene duplication and functional diversity of MADS-box gene family[J]. Chinese Botanical Bulletin, 24(1): 60-70.) 2 马辉, 张智俊, 罗淑萍. 2006. 植物MADS-box基因研究进展[J]. 生物技术通报, 2006(6): 14-18. (Ma H, Zhang Z J, Luo S P.2006. Advances in plant MADS-box gene research[J]. Biotechnology Bulletin, 2006(6): 14-18.) 3 易吉明, 黄婷, 黄勇, 等. 2015. 小立碗藓MADS-box基因家族的系统进化分析[J]. 植物生理学报, 2015(2): 197-206. (Yi J M, Huang T, Huang Y, et al.2015. Phylogenetic analysis of the MADS-box gene family of Sphagnum[J]. Chinese Journal of Plant Physiology, 2015(2): 197-206.) 4 王俊刚. 2011. 拟南芥AGL6和AGL13基因的功能分析[D]. 硕士学位论文, 山东农业大学, 导师: 樊金会, pp. 25-42. (Wang J G.2011. Functional analysis of AGL6 and AGL13 genes in Arabidopsis thaliana[D]. Thesis for M.S., Shandong Agricultural University, Supervisor: Fan J H, pp. 25-42.) 5 张云, 刘青林. 2003. 植物花发育的分子机理研究进展[J]. 植物学通报, 20(5): 589-601. (Zhang Y, Liu Q L.2003. Preceedings on molecular mechanism of plant flower development[J]. Chinese Bulletin of Botany, 20(5): 589-601.) 6 Angenent G C, Franken J, Busscher M, et al.1995. A novel class of MADS-box genes is involved in ovule development in petunia[J]. The Plant Cell, 7(10): 1569~1582. 7 Becker A, Theissen G.2003. The major clades of MADS-box genes and their role in the development and evolution of flowering plants[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 29(3): 464-489. 8 Causier B, Castillo R, Zhou J, et al.2005. Evolution in action: Following function in duplicated floral homeotic genes[J]. Current Biology, 15(16):1508-1512. 9 Chapman M A, Tang S, Draeger D, et al.2012. Genetic analysis of floral symmetry in van Gogh's sunflowers reveals independent recruitment of CYCLOIDEA genes in the Asteraceae[J]. PLoS Genetics, 8(3): 1-10. 10 Coen E S, Meyerowitz E M.1991. The war of the whorls: Genetic interactions controlling flower development[J]. Nature, 353(6339): 31-37. 11 Dezar C A, Tioni M F, Gonzalez D H, et al.2003. Identification of three MADS‐box genes expressed in sunflower capitulum[J]. Journal of experimental botany, 54(387): 1637-1639. 12 Fambrini M, Salvini M, Basile A, et al.2014. Transposon-dependent induction of Vincent van Gogh's sunflowers: Exceptions revealed[J]. Genesis, 52(4): 315-327. 13 Giovannoni J J, Dellapenna D, Fischer B R L.1989. Expression of a chimeric polygalacturonase gene in transgenic rin (ripening inhibitor) tomato fruit results in polyuronide degradation but not fruit softening[J]. The Plant Cell, 1(1): 53-63. 14 Weigel D, Meyerowitz E M.1994. The ABC of floral homeotic genes[J]. Cell, 78(2): 203-209. 15 Hsu W H, Yeh T J, Huang K Y, et al.2014. AGAMOUS‐LIKE 13, a putative ancestor for the E functional genes, specifies male and female gametophyte morphogenesis[J]. The Plant Journal, 77(1): 1-15. 16 Immink R G H, Kaufmann K, Angenent G C.2009. The 'ABC' of MADS domain protein behaviour and interactions[J]. Seminars in Cell and Developmental Biology, 21(1): 87-93. 17 Irish V F, Litt A.2005. Flower development and evolution: Gene duplication, diversification and redeployment[J]. Current Opinion in Genetics & Development, 15(4): 454-460. 18 Kaufmann K, Melzer R, Günter Theissen.2005. MIKC-type MADS-domain proteins: Structural modularity, protein interactions and network evolution in land plants[J]. Gene (Amsterdam), 347(2): 183-198. 19 Li N, Huang B, Tang N, et al.2017. The MADS-box gene SlMBP21 regulates sepal size mediated by ethylene and auxin in tomato[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 58(12): 2241-2256. 20 Litt A, Irish V F.2003. Duplication and diversification in the APETALA1/FRUITFULL floral homeotic gene lineage: Implications for the evolution of floral development[J]. Genetics, 165(2): 821-833. 21 Liu D, Wang D, Qin Z, et al.2013. The SEPALLATA MADS-box protein SLMBP21 forms protein complexes with JOINTLESS and MACROCALYX as a transcription activator for development of the tomato flower abscission zone[J]. The Plant Journal, 77(2): 284-296. 22 Ma J, Yang Y J, Luo W, et al., 2017. Genome-wide identification and analysis of the MADS-box gene family in bread wheat (Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. PLoS One, 12(7): 1-24. 23 Martinez-Castilla L P. Alvarez-Buylla E R.2003. Adaptive evolution in the Arabidopsis MADS-box gene family inferred from its complete resolved phylogeny[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 100(23): 13407-13412. 24 Masaki F, Yoko S, Hiroyuki N, et al.2014. Transcriptional regulation of fruit ripening by tomato FRUITFULL homologs and associated MADS box proteins[J]. The Plant Cell, 26(1): 89-101. 25 Nam J, Kim J, Lee S, et al.2004. Type Ⅰ MADS-box genes have experienced faster birth-and-death evolution than type Ⅱ MADS-box genes in angiosperms[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 101(7): 1910-1915. 26 Parenicova L, Folter S D, Kieffer M, et al.2003. Molecular and phylogenetic analyses of the complete MADS-box transcription factor family in Arabidopsis: New openings to the MADS world[J]. The Plant Cell, 15(7): 1538-1551. 27 Rounsley S D, Yanofsky D M F.1995. Diverse roles for MADS Box genes in Arabidopsis development[J]. The Plant Cell, 7(8): 1259-1269. 28 Shulga O A, Shchennikova A V, Angenent G C, et al.2008. MADS-box genes controlling inflorescence morphogenesis in sunflower[J]. Russian Journal of Developmental Biology, 39(1): 2-5. 29 Theissen G.2001. Development of floral organ identity: Stories from the MADS house[J]. Current Opinion in Plant Biology, 4(1): 75-85. 30 Vrebalov J, Ruezinsky D, Padmanabhan V, et al.2002. A MADS-Box gene necessary for fruit ripening at the tomato ripening-inhibitor (Rin) locus[J]. Science, 296(5566): 343-346.
