Abstract：Animal mitochondrial cytochrome b (Cytb) gene is an important functional protein-coding gene. Its evolutionary rate is moderate, a small gene segment contains genetic evolutionary information from within species to between species and even between families, which was considered as an ideal molecular marker for studying animal genetic polymorphism and systematic evolution. The aim of the study was to prove up the heredity polymorphism of Cytb gene on some indigenous chicken (Gallus domesticus) breeds. Four Jiangxi chicken breeds were used as materials, and the Cytb gene was amplified by using sequencing and the heredity polymorphism was analyzed. The results revealed that the complete sequence of Cytb was 1 143 bp, which had 12 SNPs and 9 haplotypes. The hap4 was found in four chicken breeds. Average number of nucleotide differences (K), haplotype diversity (Hd) and nucleotide diversity (Pi) of four chicken breeds were 1.971, 0.724 and 0.001 72, respectively; the K and Pi of Anyi Gray chicken were biggest, which were 3.105 and 0.002 72, respectively; the Hd of Baier Yellow chicken was biggest, which was 0.752; The K, Pi and Hd values of Silkies were all the lowest. The phylogenetic relationship and origin analysis of the four chicken species in the formation process showed that Silkies may originate from Gallus gallus spadiceus. Dongxiang Blue-eggshell chicken, Anyi Gray chicken and Baier Yellow chicken probably originated from Gallus gallus spadiceus and Gallus gallus murghi. The results of this study provide a theoretical basis for the protection, development and utilization of genetic resources of chicken breeds.
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