Microsatellite Genetic Diversity of Seven Loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) Populations in China
LIU Jie1,2, GAO Feng-Ying1,*, LU Mai-Xin1,*, CHEN Gang2, CAO Jian-Meng1, LIU Zhi-Gang1, WANG Miao1
1 Pearl River Fisheries Research Institute/Key Laboratory of Tropical ＆Subtropical Fishery Resource Application ＆Cultivation, Ministry of Agriculture, Chinese Academy of Fishery Science, Guangzhou 510380, China; 2 College of Fisheries, Guangdong Ocean University, Zhanjiang 524025, China
Abstract：Due to environmental pollution and human activities, the amount of loach resources in China has been sharply reduced, and germplasm resources have been degraded. In order to explore the genetic diversity and population genetic structure of different geographical populations of loach (Misgurnus anguillicaudatus) in China, 10 microsatellite markers were used to analyze the genetic diversity of 7 populations in Poyang Lake region and Pearl River Basin of China (Poyang Lake, Yingde, Qingyuan, Liannan, Nanxiong, Meizhou, Liuzhou). The results showed that the average number of allele (Na) and effective allele (Ne) per locus were 7 and 2.5, and the average observed heterozygosity (Ho) and expected heterozygosity (He) were 0.327 4 and 0.396 0. The average population inbreeding coefficient (Fis), genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) and number of migrants per generation (Nm) of the 7 loach populations were 0.093 0, 0.372 0 and 0.422 1, indicating that the level of genetic exchange among the 7 populations was low and there was a high degree of genetic differentiation. A total of 79 alleles were amplified in 10 pairs of microsatellite primers, the Na, Ne, Ho, He and polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 3.0 to 7.5, 1.7 to 5.5, 0.307 4 to 0.534 7, 0.329 0 to 0.861 5, and 0.316 8 to 0.529 4, respectively. The genetic distance between the 7 loach populations was 0.045 3~1.602 3. The genetic relationship of Liuzhou and Nanxiong population showed the closest with lowest distance of 0.045 3, while the genetic relationship of Qingyuan and Meizhou population showed the farthest with highest distance of 1.602 3. The clustering analysis based on genetic distance showed that the Liuzhou, Nanxiong, Liannan and Meizhou populations were clustered into one branch, while the Qingyuan, Yingde and Poyang Lake populations were clustered into another branch. Above results demonstrated that the level of genetic diversity in loach in China was moderate and the genetic differentiation among loach populations was affected by factors such as self-migration ability and geographical isolation. This study provides a theoretical basis for further selection of the basic group of loach fine breeds and the protection of loach germplasm resources.
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