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2025年8月12日 星期二
农业生物技术学报  2021, Vol. 29 Issue (12): 2365-2374    DOI: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2021.12.010
  研究论文与报告 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
不同土壤熏蒸剂对生菜种植土壤镰孢病菌的抑制效果及土壤微生物群落的影响
陈利达1,*, 石延霞1,*, 李磊1, 柴阿丽1, 郭宁2, 范腾飞1, 谢学文1,**, 李宝聚1,**
1中国农业科学院 蔬菜花卉研究所,北京 100081;
2北京市土肥工作站,北京 100029
Efficacies of Different Soil Fumigants Against Fusarium spp. of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Planting Soil and Their Influences on Soil Microbial Community
CHEN Li-Da1,*, SHI Yan-Xia1,*, LI Lei1, CHAI A-Li1, GUO Ning2, FAN Teng-Fei1, XIE Xue-Wen1,**, LI Bao-Ju1,**
1 Institute of Vegetables and Flowers, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China;
2 Beijing Soil and Fertilizer Workstation, Beijing 100029, China
全文: PDF (8017 KB)   HTML (1 KB) 
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摘要 随着设施温室高附加值蔬菜作物的连年栽培,土传病害问题愈发突出,熏蒸剂也因此得以更广泛的应用。但鉴于熏蒸剂的广谱性,在杀死有害生物的同时,不可避免地对非靶标生物产生一定的影响。本研究采用qPCR技术、选择性培养基分离计数等方法针对棉隆(30 g/m2)、氰氨化钙(120 g/m2)和威百亩(30 mL/m2)在生菜(Lactuca sativa)种植土壤内对镰孢菌的抑制效果和土壤微生物群落的影响进行研究,生菜收获期测定植株农艺性状和产量,结合土壤理化性质开展熏蒸剂与土壤微生物互作相关分析。结果表明,棉隆、氰氨化钙和威百亩处理前,土壤镰孢菌属DNA含量分别为3.29×109、2.85×109和5.85×109拷贝数/g,熏蒸揭膜后0 d分别降至1.72×109、2.17×109和5.25×109拷贝数/g;3种熏蒸剂处理揭膜0 d微生物数量显著减少,氰氨化钙处理揭膜60 d放线菌数量恢复且高于初始水平(4.30×109拷贝数/g),其他处理在揭膜后逐渐增加但未恢复到对照水平;棉隆、氰氨化钙和威百亩处理后对生菜根腐病的防效分别为78.90%、62.55%和48.64%。棉隆、氰氨化钙和威百亩处理后单产重分别为0.72、0.70、0.70 kg,与对照相比,棉隆熏蒸处理后生菜增产率(60.00%)较高,且生菜促生率达16%以上,氰氨化钙和威百亩处理次之。氰氨化钙和棉隆处理前pH分别为6.89、6.88,揭膜60 d分别增至7.12、6.98,棉隆、氰氨化钙、威百亩初始土壤电导率分别为284.50、324.00和330.00 μs/cm,揭膜60 d分别降低了22.38%、13.88%和37.18%。因此,3种熏蒸剂处理可不同程度地抑制镰孢病菌,同时也可以改良生菜的农艺性状和提高产量,后期微生物数量恢复且不会对土壤微生物群落产生明显的扰动影响,对环境较安全。本研究为生菜种植土壤微生态修复和重建技术提供了技术支撑。
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陈利达
石延霞
李磊
柴阿丽
郭宁
范腾飞
谢学文
李宝聚
关键词 熏蒸剂镰孢菌属土壤微生物群落产量    
Abstract:With the continuous cultivation of high value-added vegetable crops in facility greenhouses, the problem of soil-borne diseases has gradually become prominent, and fumigants have also been more widely used. However, based on the broad spectrum of fumigants, while killing harmful organisms, it will inevitably have a certain impact on non-target organisms. In this experiment, qPCR technology, selective medium separation and counting methods were used to study the inhibitory effect of Dazomet, Calcium cyanamide and Metam sodium in lettuce (Lactuca sativa) planting soil on Fusarium and the influence of soil microbial community. During the harvest of lettuce, the agronomic traits and yield of the plant were measured, and the correlation analysis of the interaction between fumigant and soil microorganisms was carried out based on the physical and chemical properties of the soil. The results showed that the DNA content of Fusarium was 3.29×109, 2.85×109, and 5.85×109 copies/g before the treatment of Dazomet, Calcium cyanamide and Metam sodium, respectively, and the DNA content of Fusarium decreased to 1.72×109, 2.17×109 and 5.25×109 copies/g at 0 d after fumigation and unmasking. The number of microorganisms in the 3 fumigant treatments was significantly reduced at 0 d after the film was uncovered, and the number of actinomycetes recovered and was higher than the initial level after 60 d after the film was uncovered in the Calcium cyanamide treatment. The control effects of Dazomet, Calcium cyanamide and Metam sodium on the root rot of lettuce were 78.90%, 62.55% and 48.64%, respectively. The yield weights of Dazomet, Calcium cyanamide and Metam sodium after treatment were 0.72, 0.70 and 0.70 kg, respectively. Compared with CK, the yield increase rate of the lettuce in Dazomet treatment was 60.00%, and the growth promotion rate was more than 16%, followed by Calcium cyanamide and Metam sodium treatment. The pH before treatment with Calcium cyanamide and Dazomet was 6.89 and 6.88, respectively, and increased to 7.12 and 6.98 after 60 d of uncovering the film. The initial soil electrical conductivity of Dazomet, Calcium cyanamide and Metam sodium were 284.50, 324.00, and 330.00 μs/cm, respectively, and decreased by 22.38%, 13.88%, and 37.18%, respectively, after 60 d of uncovering the film. Therefore, the 3 fumigant treatments can inhibit Fusarium to varying degrees, increase the agronomic characteristics and yield of lettuce, restore the number of microorganisms in the later stage, and will not significantly disturb the soil microbial community, which was safe for the environment. This research lays a technical support for the restoration and reconstruction technology of lettuce planting soil micro-ecological.
Key wordsFumigant    Fusarium spp.    Soil microbial community    Yield
收稿日期: 2021-03-19     
ZTFLH:  S636  
基金资助:国家重点研发计划(2020YFD1000402); 中国农业科学院科技创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-IVFCAAS); 北京叶类蔬菜创新团队(BAIC07-2019)
通讯作者: **xiexuewen@caas.cn;libaoju@caas.cn   
作者简介: *同等贡献作者
引用本文:   
陈利达, 石延霞, 李磊, 柴阿丽, 郭宁, 范腾飞, 谢学文, 李宝聚. 不同土壤熏蒸剂对生菜种植土壤镰孢病菌的抑制效果及土壤微生物群落的影响[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(12): 2365-2374.
CHEN Li-Da, SHI Yan-Xia, LI Lei, CHAI A-Li, GUO Ning, FAN Teng-Fei, XIE Xue-Wen, LI Bao-Ju. Efficacies of Different Soil Fumigants Against Fusarium spp. of Lettuce (Lactuca sativa) Planting Soil and Their Influences on Soil Microbial Community. 农业生物技术学报, 2021, 29(12): 2365-2374.
链接本文:  
http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2021.12.010     或     http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2021/V29/I12/2365
 
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