Abstract：To investigate the genetic basis of excellent wheat (Triticum aestivum L.) cultivar, three high-yield breeding lines (Bainongjinguang 588, BainongAK 58-18 and Bainong T5) and their sib lines (Bainong 0487 and Bainonggaoguang 3709) were evaluated using SSR markers in this study. Among the 5 breeding lines, Bainongjinguang 588, BainongAK 58-18 and Bainong T5 had high yield potential and disease resistance. These accessions were evaluated using 701 SSR markers distributing across the whole genome of wheat for their effective utilization in future. The result indicated that the genetic contribution from parents to different sib lines in either of the two crossing combinations were various. The total rates of genetic contribution from Bainong AK58 to Bainongjinguang 588, BainongAK 58-18 and Bainong 0487 were 51.2%, 57.0% and 54.0% separately, which were higher than that from Zhoumai 18 (48.8%, 43.0% and 46.0%, respectively). The total rates of genetic contribution from Bainong 160 to Bainonggaoguang 3709 and Bainong T5 were 41.9% and 36.4% separately, which were higher than that from Zhoumai 16 (27.5% and 29.5%, respectively) and Wenmai 8 (30.6% and 34.1%, respectively). Similarly，the rates of genetic information inherited from the parents to their derivatives were also unbalanced on either genomic level or chromosomal level. On genomic level, BainongAK 58-18 and Bainong 0487 from the crossing combination "Zhoumai 18/Bainong AK58" inherited nearly equal genetic component (53.1% and 53.8%, respectively) from their parent Zhoumai18 on A genome. The rate of genetic information inherited from Zhoumai 18 was 52.6% for Bainongjinguang 588, which was higher than that for Bainong AK 58-18 and Bainong 0487 (26.6% and 36.4%, respectively) obviously on B genome, whereas Bainongjingguang 588 and BainongAK 58-18 inherited nearly equal genetic component (49.1% and 48.1%, respectively) from Zhoumai 18 on D genome. Among 21 chromosomes of wheat, the rates of genetic information inherited from Zhoumai 18 for Bainongjinguang 588, BainongAK 58-18 and Bainong 0487 varied from 9.1% to 100%, from 0 to 100% and from 0 to 75.0%, respectively. Similar result could be observed in Bainonggaoguang 3709 and Bainong T5 from the crossing combination "Zhoumai 16/Wenmai 8//Bainong 160". This indicated that the same combination can produce very different varieties during the breeding of wheat. Furthermore, Bainongjinguang 588 had 109 specific SSR loci compared to other 2 sib lines (BainongAK 58-18 and Bainong 0487), which formed 11 specific chromosomal regions. Whereas BainongAK 58-18 had 36 specific SSR loci compared to its sib lines (Bainongjinguang 588 and Bainong 0487), which formed 3 specific chromosomal regions. Bainong T5 had 55 specific SSR loci compared to its sib line (Bainonggaoguang 3709), which also formed 3 specific chromosomal regions. Most of these observed chromosomal regions above are located with genes and QTL associated with agronomic traits such as yield and resistance to disease, which play an important role in yield components of wheat.
