Abstract：The study was conducted to establish the DNA fingerprints and throw light on the genetic diversity of the japonica rice(Oryza sativa L.) in Henan Province. The simple sequence repeat (SSR) fingerprints map and genetic diversity of 37 major cultivars in Henan during 1963~2010 were studied by 37 pairs of primers equally distributed on 12 chromosomes of rice. Thirty-three SSR primers showed polymorphism among 37 varieties, and 114 polymorphic bands were detected, with an average of 3.53 bands per pair of primers. The frequency of polymorphism of the primers ranged from 0.054 to 0.739. The range of genetic similarity coefficient of the 37 varieties was from 0.627 to 0.992, with the average of 0.812. Seventeen cultivars could be identified by their single characteristic SSR marker, while the other 20 varieties could be identified by combination of different primers. Nineteen pairs of core primers were used to construct the SSR fingerprint map, and all the 36 varieties could be identified using the fingerprint map. Un-weighted pair-group of arithmetic mean(UPGMA) cluster analysis indicated that 37 varieties were clustered into two groups at the level of genetic similarity coefficient 0.710. Most of the breeding varieties of Henan were classified into the same group. It is demonstrate that the genetic basis of the japonica rice in Henan is narrow.
