秦巴山区黄牛群体的微卫星DNA遗传多样性

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摘要为分析秦巴山区西镇牛、赤崖牛、陨巴牛和宣汉牛4个黄牛(Bos taurus)品种的遗传多样性，本研究以蜀宣花牛和郏县红牛作对照，利用12对微卫星引物对6个黄牛品种的289头黄牛个体进行了遗传多样性检测，统计了各品种的等位基因及频率、有效等位基因数、遗传杂合度、多态信息含量及各群体间遗传距离，并对其进行聚类分析。结果表明，6个黄牛品种在12个微卫星位点共发现110个等位基因，等位基因频率为0.001 6~0.517 3，总群体各位点平均有效等位基因数为2.787 7~7.132 6；各位点多态信息含量为0.519 2~0.895 3；平均杂合度为0.667 2~0.724 1。群体间发现特有等位基因11个，基因频率为0.008 1~0.381 6；优势等位基因(P＞0.4)19个，基因频率为0.403 2~0.820 0；共有等位基因41个，占全部等位基因的37.27%，仅有13个共有等位基因为优势等位基因(P＞0.4)，占37.71%。群体间Nei's遗传一致度为0.596 5~0.840 8，标准遗传距离(Ds)为0.173 5~0.524 7。聚类分析结果显示，6个黄牛品种聚为3类，陨巴牛与宣汉牛首先聚在一起，然后同西镇牛聚在一类；赤崖牛与郏县红牛聚为一类；蜀宣花牛自成一类。研究结果表明，12对微卫星标记可用于秦巴山区黄牛遗传多样性的分析，秦巴山区各黄牛品种遗传多样性丰富，选育程度不同，4个黄牛品种虽然地理分布格局相近，自然环境相似，但亲缘关系并非相近，应为来源不同的品种。因此，西镇牛、赤崖牛、陨巴牛和宣汉牛不宜合并为1个品种。本研究所揭示的秦巴山区黄牛品种的遗传分化特点及亲缘关系，为研究品种的遗传共适应特点，预测杂交优势，制定育种战略等提供了科学依据。

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	王斌
	昝林森
	余横伟
	刘红
	殷林
	胡晓一
	刘大清

关键词 ：秦巴山区黄牛, 微卫星DNA, 遗传多样性

Abstract：To analyze the genetic diversity of 4 cattle (Bos taurus) species respectively including Xizhen cattle, Chiya cattle, Yunba cattle and Xuanhan cattle in Qinling-Bashan Mountain area, the research chose Shuxuan breed cattle and local varieties of Jiaxian Red Cattle as the control, studied the genetic diversity of 289 cattle individuals from 6 cattle species by using 12 pairs of micro satellite primers to detect the genetic diversity, and analyze the allele and their frequency, the number of effective alleles, genetic heterozygosity, polymorphism information content and genetic distance among populations, and conducting cluster analysis. The results showed that 110 alleles were found at 12 microsatellite loci in 6 cattle breeds. The allele frequencies ranged from 0.001 6 to 0.517 3 and the average number of alleles per locus ranged from 7.132 6 to 2.787 7. The polymorphism information content of each point ranged from 0.519 2 to 0.895 3. The average heterozygosity was from 0.667 2 to 0.724 1. Eleven unique alleles were found among the populations and the gene frequency was from 0.008 1 to 0.381 6. The dominant allele was 19(P＞0.4) and the gene frequency was from 0.403 2 to 0.820 0. There were 41 common alleles, accounting for 37.27% of all alleles, and only 13 alleles were dominant (P＞0.4), accounting for 37.71% of all alleles. Among populations the genetic identity of Nei's was 0.596 5 to 0.840 8 and the standard genetic distance (Ds) was from 0.173 5 to 0.524 7. Cluster analysis showed that 6 cattle breeds were clustered into three categories. Yunba cattle and Xuanhan cattle first got together, at the same time with the xizhen cattle gathered in a same class. Next Chiya cattle and Jiaxian Red cattle gathered for second class. At last, Shuxuan cattle was a category alone. The results of research showed that 12 pairs of microsatellite markers could be used for the analysis of genetic diversity of cattle in the Qin-Ba mountain area. The genetic diversity of cattle breeds in the Qin-Ba mountain area was rich, and the degree of breeding was also different. Although the geographical distribution pattern and the natural environment of 4 cattle breeds were similar, their genetic relationship was not close. It was confirmed that 4 cattle breeds were different varieties from different sources. This study provides the scientific basis for researching on the characteristics of genetic co adaptation, predicting heterosis, and formulating breeding strategies.

Key words： The cattle in Qinling-Bashan Mountain area Microsatellite DNA Genetic diversity

收稿日期: 2015-07-27 出版日期: 2015-12-29

ZTFLH:

S823.9+4

基金资助:国家现代农业产业技术体系（CARS-38）;国家863计划;陕西省科技统筹创新工程计划;陕西省科学技术研究发展计划项目

通讯作者: 昝林森 E-mail: zanlinsen@163.com

引用本文:

王斌昝林森余横伟刘红殷林胡晓一刘大清. 秦巴山区黄牛群体的微卫星DNA遗传多样性[J]. , 2016, 24(2): 233-244.

链接本文:

http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/ 或 http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2016/V24/I2/233

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