摘要人工栽培半夏(Pinellia ternata)的土壤理化性质及微生物群落结构和功能类群发生变化,导致其产量低且质量不稳,而油樟(Cinnamomum longepaniculatum)加工剩余物中富含有机质和抗菌成分,因此本研究将油樟废渣应用于半夏的栽培中,以期提高半夏产量和品质,同时实现油樟资源的可持续利用。本研究设置全土壤(CK)、油樟废渣∶土壤=3∶1 (V/V)(T6)、全油樟废渣(T8) 3个处理组,于2022年3月15日开始种植,于4月15日和5月1日对半夏生长指标进行测定,5月15日对半夏生理指标进行测定,于11月15日实验结束,整个过程中对半夏病害情况进行统计,在半夏倒苗后采用宏基因组测序手段对半夏根际土壤微生物进行测序,对比分析其微生物群落结构和功能的差异,并测定半夏产量。结果显示,T6和T8均提高了半夏出苗数、苗高、叶长叶宽,增加了半夏蛋白质含量、丙二醛含量、过氧化物酶活性和脯氨酸含量,但降低了半夏SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development)值和超氧化物歧化酶活性;T6处理可缓解半夏病害,但T8处理病害更为严重;T6处理产量增加,但T8处理产量减少;对照组半夏根际土壤中细菌的占比极大(96.32%~99.57%),真菌占比极小(0.27%~0.82%),T6和T8组的细菌数量较CK分别增加了3.16%和3.25%,真菌数量较CK分别减少了0.41%和0.55%;添加油樟废渣后,T6和T8处理组均增加了有益菌变形菌门(Proteobacteria)、类固醇杆菌属(Steroidobacter)、Povalibacter、假单胞菌属(Pseudomonas)、壤霉菌属(Agromyces)和康奈斯氏杆菌属(Conexibacter)的相对丰度;降低了土壤有害菌酸杆菌门(Acidobacteria)的相对丰度;T6和T8组的直系同源蛋白簇(clusters of orthologous groups of proteins, COG)功能基因丰度增加,这与壤霉菌属(Agromyces)、康奈斯氏杆菌属(Conexibacter)和链霉菌属(Streptomyces)紧密相关。综上所述,油樟废渣能改良半夏的土壤条件,T6处理组效果更好。本研究为油樟废渣在半夏栽培中的利用提供理论依据。
Abstract：The soil physicochemical properties, microbial community structure, and functional groups of artificially cultivated Pinellia ternata have undergone changes, resulting in low yield and unstable quality. However, the processing residue of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum is rich in organic matter and antibacterial components. Therefore, this study applied the waste residue of C. longepaniculatum to the cultivation of P. ternata in order to improve the yield and quality of P. ternata and realize the sustainable utilization of C. longepaniculatum. In this study, 3 treatment groups were set: The whole soil (CK), waste residue∶soil=3∶1 (V/V)(T6), the whole waste residue (T8), which began on March 15, 2022 and ended on November 15, 2022. The growth indicators of P. ternata were measured on April 15 and May 1, and the physiological indicators of P. ternata were measured on May 15. The disease situation of P. ternata was statistically analyzed throughout the process. After P. ternata fell, metagenome platform was used to conduct sequencing studies on the differences of rhizospheric microbial community and function, and determined the yield of P. ternata. The results showed that T6 and T8 both increased the number of seedlings, seedling height, leaf length and width of P. ternata, increased its protein content, malondialdehyde content, peroxidase activity, and proline content, but decreased its SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) value and superoxide dismutase activity; T6 treatment could alleviate the disease of P. ternata, but T8 treatment was more serious; The yield of T6 treatment increased, but the yield of T8 treatment decreased; The proportion of bacteria in P. ternata rhizosphere soil (CK) was very high (96.32%~99.57%), while the proportion of fungi was very low (0.27%~0.82%). The number of bacteria in the T6 and T8 groups increased by 3.16% and 3.25% compared to CK, respectively, while the number of fungi decreased by 0.41% and 0.55%, respectively; After adding waste residue of C. longepaniculatum, the relative abundance of beneficial bacteria Proteobacteria, Steroidobacter, Povalibacter, Steroidobacter, Agromyces and Conexibacter increased. The relative abundance of harmful bacteria Acidobacteria was decreased; The abundance of COG (clusters of homologous groups of proteins) functional genes in the T6 and T8 groups increased, which was closely related to the genera Agromyces, Conexibacter, and Streptomyces. In summary, waste residue of C. longepaniculatum could improve the soil condition of P. ternata, and the T6 treatment group had a better effect. This study provides theoretical basis for the utilization of waste residue of C. longepaniculatum in P. ternata cultivation.
王燕芝, 熊林, 张建, 王丽, 李娅武, 彦芳. 油樟废渣对半夏栽培和根际土壤微生物的影响[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2024, 32(7): 1642-1659.
WANG Yan-Zhi, XIONG Lin, ZHANG Jian, WANG Li, LI Ya, WU Yan-Fang. Effects of Waste Residue of Cinnamomum longepaniculatum on the Cultivation of Pinellia ternata and Microorganisms of Rhizospheric Soil. 农业生物技术学报, 2024, 32(7): 1642-1659.
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