Effects of Straw Return on Soil Bacterial Community Structure and Diversity in Rice-crayfish Co-culture System
JIANG Huan-Qi1,2, SI Guo-Han1,*, ZHU Xiu-Xiu1, PENG Cheng-Lin1, ZHAO Shu-Jun1, LIU Wei1, YU Yong3, REN Wen-Hai3, KE Mei-Zhi4
1 Plant Protection and Soil Fertilizer Institute, Hubei Academy of Agricultural Sciences/National Soil Quality Hongshan Observation and Experimental Station, Wuhan 430064, China; 2 College of Life Sciences, Yangtze University, Jingzhou 434025, China; 3 Hubei Provincial General Station of Cultivated Land Quality and Fertilizer, Wuhan 430070, China; 4 Yangxin County Agricultural Technology Extension Service Center, Yangxin 435200, China
Abstract：The rice-crayfish integrated farming system is an ecological agricultural model characterized by resource recycling and mutualistic symbiosis between crop cultivation and aquaculture. This study investigated the effects of straw return on soil bacterial community composition and diversity in a rice-crayfish integrated farming system. Three experimental treatments were implemented: winter flooding alone, winter flooding with straw return, and winter flooding combined with crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) culture and straw return. Bacterial community structure was analyzed using Illumina MiSeq high-throughput sequencing. The results demonstrated that: (1) Winter flooding combined with crayfish culture and straw return significantly increased soil total organic carbon and alkali-hydrolyzable nitrogen content but reduced soil pH; (2) Compared to winter flooding with straw return, winter flooding combined with crayfish culture and straw return decreased microbial species richness, elevated the relative abundances of phylum Myxococcota and candidate phylum MBNT15 as well as genus unclassified_MBNT15, but suppressed genera Intrasporangium and MND1; (3) Alpha and beta-diversity analyses revealed that integrating crayfish culture with straw return under winter flooding significantly reduced bacterial richness and diversity, while altering community structure; (4) Redundancy analysis identified soil pH and available phosphorus as the dominant drivers of bacterial community variation. This study demonstrates that straw return under the rice-crayfish integrated farming system alters soil physicochemical properties, reduces bacterial community richness and diversity, and modifies microbial community structure, thus providing a theoretical basis for nutrient cycling mechanisms in paddy soils of the rice-crayfish integrated farming system.
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