Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Rice (Oryza sativa) Growth, Soil Properties and Microbial Diversity in the Early Stage
LUO Jia-Run, SONG Wen-Jie, LIU Wei, ZHANG Da-Hong, IANG Xun, LU Bi-Lin*
School of Agriculture, Yangtze University/Wetland Ecology and Agricultural Utilization Engineering Research Center, Ministry of Education/Hubei Provincial Key Laboratory of Waterlogging and Wetland Agriculture, Jingzhou 434025, China
Abstract：The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of nitrogen combined application on soil-rice (Oryza sativa) microbial system under straw returning condition, and to balance the effects of straw decomposition and nitrogen competition in rice growth at the early stage of nitrogen application, this study was based on plot experiments, with no fertilization treatment as the control (CK), the base fertilizer was set as the ratio treatment test of 5 different proportions of ammonium bicarbonate+compound fertilizer,including 100% compound fertilizer (S0), 20% ammonium bicarbonate+80% compound fertilizer (S1), 40% ammonium bicarbonate+60% compound fertilizer (S2), 60% ammonium bicarbonate+40% compound fertilizer (S3) and 80% ammonium bicarbonate+20% compound fertilizer (S4) to study the effect of nitrogen fertilizer on rice growth, soil properties and microbial diversity after 6 d of nitrogen fertilizer application impact. The results showed that in the early stage of nitrogen fertilizer application, soil organic matter, pH value, available phosphorus and available potassium decreased with the increase of ammonium bicarbonate, while the contents of ammonium nitrogen and nitrate nitrogen increased; Fresh weight, root surface area, root volume and plant carbon and nitrogen accumulation increased first and then decreased. Except fresh weight under ground, treatment S2 was the highest, and was significantly different from other treatments (P<0.05). The Chao1 index and Shannon index of soil bacterial and fungal communities first decreased and then increased. The treatment S2 was the lowest, and the ammonia-oxidizing archaea (AOA) and ammonia-oxidizing bacteria (AOB) communities related to ammonia nitrogen had no significant difference among the treatments; the β diversity index, the number of soil bacteria exclusive operational taxonomic unit (OTU) was higher in treatments S2 and S4, while the number of fungi exclusive OTU was the lowest in treatment S2. The dominant soil bacterial phyla in the soil were Chloroflexi, Actinobacteriota, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota, among which treatment S2 improved the relative phyla of Actinobacteriota. The abundance of Chloroflexi, Proteobacteria and Acidobacteriota decreased to a significant level. The dominant fungal phyla in soil were Ascomycota and Basidiomycota. According to redundancy analysis (RDA) analysis, Actinobacteriota and Basidiomycota were significantly positively correlated with soil available nitrogen content and rice growth indexs, and Proteobacteria and Ascomycota were significantly correlated with soil available K, soil organic matter (SOM), and Olsen P, while significantly negatively correlated with rice growth indexes. Chloroflexi was significantly positively correlated with soil pH, and the treatment of S2 was the most obvious with Actinobacteriota. Thaumarchaeota was significantly positively correlated with rice growth indexs, NH4+-N, soil easily oxidizes organic carbon (EOC) and soil dissolved organic carbon (DOC), and significantly negatively correlated with pH, NO3--N, olsen P and available K. The reasonable combination of nitrogen fertilizer method S2 under straw returning could balance the nutrient requirements of soil microorganisms and rice. This study is of great significance for soil fertility and crop growth to apply nitrogen fertilizer reasonably under straw returning.
罗嘉润, 宋文杰, 刘伟, 张大弘, 江勋, 卢碧林. 秸秆还田配施氮肥早期对水稻生长、土壤性质及微生物多样性的影响[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2023, 31(10): 2019-2034.
LUO Jia-Run, SONG Wen-Jie, LIU Wei, ZHANG Da-Hong, IANG Xun, LU Bi-Lin. Effects of Straw Returning and Nitrogen Fertilizer Application on Rice (Oryza sativa) Growth, Soil Properties and Microbial Diversity in the Early Stage. 农业生物技术学报, 2023, 31(10): 2019-2034.
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