Effects of Forest Canopy Density and Litter Manipulation on Corydalis yanhusuo Growth and Soil Enzyme Stoichiometry
ZHANG Wen-Zhuo1, ZHANG Qian-Qian1, YU Ye-Fei2, CHI Xiao-Li1, HE An-Guo2, WANG Yu-Qi1, LYU Qiang-Feng2, LI Yong-Chun1,*
1 College of Environmental and Resource Sciences/State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A&F University, Hangzhou 311300, China; 2 Dapanshan National Nature Reserve Administration of Zhejiang Province, Panan 322300, China
Abstract：Canopy density is the main factor affecting herbaceous plant growth because it leads to insufficient light, thick litter layer, and gives allelopathy effect. The main objective of this study was to explore the canopy density (low, medium, and high) and litter effects on the growth of C. yanhusuo with the restriction of soil enzyme stoichiometry. Results revealed that low canopy density of Cunninghamia lanceolata significantly increased height (24% to 27%), SPAD (soil and plant analyzer development) value (11% to 33%), net photosynthetic rate (28% to 39%), stomatal conductance (28% to 35%) of C. yanhusuo. Also, low canopy density increased the intercellular carbon dioxide concentration (10% to 24%) in C. yanhusuo plants. Although, litter manipulation had no significant impacts on growth of C. yanhusuo. With low canopy density, litter retention significantly increased the content of soil-soluble organic nitrogen (N) (11% to 21%), and enzyme activity of β-1,4-glucosidase (BG), β-1,4-n-acetylglucosaminidase (NAG) and leucine aminopeptidase (LAP). Canopy density, litter manipulation and their interaction showed significant effects on values of SPAD, soil C, N, phosphorus (P) content and related enzymes. The interaction between canopy density and litter had significant effects on plant height and SPAD value (P<0.01), which had a significant effect on the soil C, N and P content, and had a significant effect on the soil BG, NAG, LAP, and acid phosphatase (AP) activity (P<0.01). Microbial P limitation was demonstrated among all treatments via BG/(LAP+NAG) and (LAP+NAG)/AP, which indicated that the soil lacked P for microorganisms availability. In litter retention treatment, the soil BG/AP ratio decreased with increasing canopy density, and suggested that reducing canopy density and retaining litter could alleviate the restriction of soil phosphorus. It was evident that there was significant positive correlation between soil BG/AP and plants growth parameters. The low canopy density with litter retention significantly improved the soil enzyme activities and phosphorus supply that increased the growth of C. yanhusuo. This study could possibly provide the theoretical basis to explore the habitat suitability of C. yanhusuo and other herbaceous wild plants endangered.
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