Abstract：The genetic structure in the Bian chicken(Gallus gallus) of two generations(generations 0 and 1) was analysed using 21 microsatellite markers. The effect of conservation for the Bian chicken was evaluated through comparing the difference in genetic diversity of the two generations. The results showed that a total of 122 alleles were detected in the two generations, of which, 102 were detected in the two generations, and 19 alleles were unique to generation 0. The average polymorphism information content(PIC) of generations 0 and 1 was 0.5473 and 0.5437, respectively, and the average expected heterozygote frequency(He) of the two generations was 0.5967 and 0.6009, respectively. The inbreeding coefficient was 0.233 in generation 0 and 0.134 in generation 1. The genetic diversity of the Bian chicken was very high. Through selection and breeding for one generation, the PIC and He were maintained, while the inbreeding coefficient(Fis) was somewhat decreased. It indicated that the conserved method was feasible. The conservation method not only conserves the genetic diversity of the Bian chicken, but also avoides inbreeding depression.
