Abstract：Heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) is a kind of protein molecular chaperone widely existing in organisms, which plays an important role in growth and development. However, the study of HSP70 in Phyllostachys edulis has not been reported. In this study, HSP70 genes were identified from P. edulis by bioinformatics methods, the protein physical and chemical properties, conservative motifs and gene structure, the chromosome location and promoter cis-regulatory element were analyzed, and a phylogenetic tree was built; Based on transcriptome data and qRT-PCR, the expression level of HSP70 gene in P. edulis of different growth heights was analyzed, and the subcellular localization of key HSP70 was verified. The results showed that a total of 40 HSP70 (PeHSP70-01~40) genes were identified from P. edulis, and 39 PeHSP70 genes were hydrophilic proteins. Gene structure analysis demonstrated that 21 PeHSP70 genes contained 1 intron. Abscisic acid-related response elements were most found in the upstream 2 000 bp of the PeHSP70 genes. The phylogenetic analysis suggested that all PeHSP70 proteins were clustered into 4 subfamilies and closely related to Oryza sativa. Transcriptome data showed that the expression of 11 PeHSP70 genes were up-regulated during the rapid growth of P. edulis. The results of qRT-PCR showed that 4 PeHSP70 genes PeHSP70-23~26 as mitochondrial localization were up-regulated in the elongated shoots. Furthermore, subcellular localization results showed that the fluorescence of GFP was colocalized with mitochondrial fluorescence dye, and these 4 PeHSP70s were located to mitochondria. Together, this study provides a basis for exploring the mechanism of HSP70 genes in regulating rapid growth of P. edulis.
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