不同密度稻-鲤-罗非鱼综合种养系统的鱼类生理生化及稻田环境特征

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2022.05.014

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摘要稻渔综合种养是一种具有良好经济效益和生态效益的生产模式,但是在养殖产量方面需要技术改进与革新。本研究在稻渔综合种养“三江模式”的基础上,混养金边鲤(Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbian)和吉富罗非鱼(Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT strain),并且提高养殖密度,探讨提高养殖密度和增加养殖品种对三江地区稻渔综合种养经济和生态效益的影响。经过为期 145 d 的实验发现,高密度混养组(IDh)鲤鱼的增重率和特定生长率显著高于低密度混养组(IDl)和鲤鱼单养组(SD),分别达到了 415.3% 和 1.2;IDh 组罗非鱼的增重率显著高于 IDl 组,达到 4918.0% (P<0.05)。养殖密度和混合养殖对养殖鱼类的消化道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性,以及肝脏过氧化氢酶活性产生了影响,具体表现在：IDl 组鲤鱼消化道淀粉酶活性显著高于 IDh 组和 SD 组,IDh 组鲤鱼消化道脂肪酶活性显著高于其他两组(P<0.05);而 IDh 组鲤鱼肝脏过氧化酶活显著低于 IDl 组和 SD 组(P<0.05);IDh 组罗非鱼消化道淀粉酶和脂肪酶活性显著高于 IDl 组 (P<0.05)。鱼类混养和不同的养殖密度同样影响了稻田及鱼坑的水质环境。稻田中 SD 组氨氮(ammonia-nitrogen, NH4-N),IDl 组硝酸盐 (nitrate-nitrogen, NO3-N) 和亚硝酸盐 (nitrite-nitrogen, NO2-N),IDh 组总氮 (total nitrogen, TN),总磷(total phosphorus, TP),化学需氧量(chemical oxygen demand, CODCr)和有机质(organic matter, OM)降低幅度最大;在鱼坑中,SD 组 NH4-N,NO3-N 和 NO2-N,IDh 组 TN,CODCr 和 OM,IDl 组 TP 降低幅度最大。综上所述,本研究在稻渔综合种养中采用的养殖密度或者混养罗非鱼并未对养殖产量、稻田和鱼坑水质造成负面影响,而是在一定程度加快了营养物质循环,提高了养殖效益。可以在本研究基础上进一步提高稻渔综合种养的鱼类养殖密度,以期提高生产效益。

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	衣萌萌
	莫洁琳
	莫航
	王淼
	翟婉婷
	王贺
	刘志刚
	高风英
	曹建萌
	可小丽
	卢迈新

关键词 ：稻渔综合种养, 养殖密度, 鲤鱼, 罗非鱼

Abstract：Rice-fish co-culture system with considerable economic and ecological benefits requires improvement because of its low fish yield. Based on the Sanjiang model of rice-fish co-culture system, Jinbian carp (Cyprinus carpio var. Jinbian) was reared with tilapia (Oreochromis niloticus, GIFT strain) and the breeding density was increased in the current research. The influence of increased density and polyculture on the economic and ecological benefits of the rice-fish co-culture system was investigated. It was observed that after 145 days of the experiment, weight gain rate and speciﬁc growth rate (415.3% and 1.2, respectively) of carp in high density integrated culture group (IDh) were significantly higher than those in low density integrated culture group (IDl) and monoculture group (SD), and weight gain rate (4918.0%) of tilapia in IDh was significantly higher than those in IDl (P<0.05). The density and polyculture of the rice-fish co-culture system affected the activities of the digestive enzymes amylase, lipase and liver catalase. The activity of carp digestive enzymes amylase in IDl was significantly higher than that in IDh and SD, but the activity of carp liver catalase in IDh was significantly lower than that in IDh and SD (P<0.05). The activities of tilapia digestive enzymes amylase and lipase in IDh were significantly higher than those in IDl (P<0.05). In addition, the density and polyculture of the rice-fish co-culture system influenced the water quality of paddy and pond, such as more ammonia-nitrogen (NH4-N) of SD, nitrate-nitrogen (NO3-N) and nitrite-nitrogen (NO2-N) of IDl, total nitrogen (TN), total phosphorus (TP), chemical oxygen demand (CODCr) and organic matter (OM) of IDh in paddy were decreased. More NH4-N, NO3-N and NO2-N of SD, TN, CODCr and OM of IDh, TP of IDl in the pond were decreased. In summary, the increased density and polyculture of rice-fish co-culture systems in this study did not harm the growth performance of fish and the water quality of paddy and pond. It actually promoted mass circulation and improved the economic benefits to a certain extent. Based on this study, a higher density of fish in the rice-fish co-culture system could be tried to enhance the economic benefits.

Key words： Rice-fish co-culture system Culture density Carp Tilapia

收稿日期: 2021-07-27

ZTFLH:

S964

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(31902428); 财政部和农业农村部：国家现代农业产业技术体系(CARS-46); 国家重点研发计划(2020YFD0900302); 广东省促进经济发展专项资金(现代渔业发展用途)项目(粤农 2019B3); 中国水产科学研究院珠江水产研究所基本科研业务费专项(2021SJ-XC1); 中国水产科学研究院中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费专项(2021ZX04)

通讯作者: *mx-lu@163.com

引用本文:

衣萌萌, 莫洁琳, 莫航, 王淼, 翟婉婷, 王贺, 刘志刚, 高风英, 曹建萌, 可小丽, 卢迈新. 不同密度稻-鲤-罗非鱼综合种养系统的鱼类生理生化及稻田环境特征[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2022, 30(5): 966-977.
YI Meng-Meng, MO Jie-Lin, MO Hang, WANG Miao, ZHAI Wan-Ting, WANG He, LIU Zhi-Gang, GAO Feng-Ying, CAO Jian-Meng, KE Xiao-Li, LU Mai-Xin. Physiological, Biochemical Characteristics of Fish and Paddy Environment in the Rice-Carp-Tilapia Co-culture System with Different Densities. 农业生物技术学报, 2022, 30(5): 966-977.

链接本文:

http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2022.05.014 或 http://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2022/V30/I5/966

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