Genome-wide Association Study of Maize (Zea mays) Kernel Test Weight Under Different Planting Densities
YUAN Fan1,*, ZHENG Yun-Xiao1,*, LIU Qiang1, HUANG Ya-Qun1, LIU Han2, ZHAO Yong-Feng1, JIA Xiao-Yan1, ZHU Li-Ying1, CHEN Jing-Tang1,3, GUO Jin-Jie1,**
1 Hebei Sub-center of National Maize Improvement Center/Key Laboratory for Crop Germplasm Resources of Hebei, Hebei Agricultural University, Baoding 071000, China; 2 State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology/National Maize Improvement Center of China, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, China; 3 College of Agronomy, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, China
Abstract：Maize is the main grain-forage crop in China, and the kernel test weight (KTW) is an index to evaluate the quality grade of maize. With the breeding and popularization of high-density-tolerance maize varieties increasing, the effect of planting density on maize quality was began to study. In this study, 248 maize inbred lines with rich genetic diversity were used as association population, genome-wide association studies (GWAS) was used to explore KTW trait in multiple environments with different planting densities. Using 830 57 SNP markers distributed in the whole genome, the effect of planting density on KTW trait was explored and find out the related loci and candidate genes for controlling KTW trait. The results showed that planting density had a significant effect on KTW trait. The inbred lines 'XF134', '4676A', '811A', 'Ji 4112', etc. were less affected by the density and could maintain higher KTW, which was suitable for planting in high density environment. This study identified 14 significant SNPs, which were located on chromosomes 1, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7 and 10, respectively. And the phenotypic variation explained (PVE) by single locus ranged from 1.84% to 30.91%. There were 72 candidate genes found by searching the candidate genes in the range of 120 kb upstream and downstream of SNP. The results of enrichment analysis of candidate genes were mainly involved in 7 biological processes, 8 cellular components and 6 molecular functions. Seven candidate genes GRMZM2G079263, GRMZM2G079617, GRMZM2G403609, GRMZM2G180659, GRMZM2G160840, GRMZM2G104254 and GRMZM2G057281 may be related to KTW. These genes were involved in the regulation of endosperm development, photosynthesis and resistance to adversity. This study provides help for further explore the genetic principle and mechanism of KTW and molecular assisted selective breeding.
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