Effects of Shading Stress on Photosynthetic and Yield Traits of Oryza sativa 'Minghui63' and 'Fuxiangzhan'
CAI Qiu-Hua1,2,*, WANG Ying-Heng1,2,*, LIU Feng3, LIN Qiang1,2, CUI Li-Li1,2, CHEN Li-Juan3, XIE Zhen-Xing1,2, ZHAN Sheng-Wei4, LIN Qi3, CHEN Li-Ping1,2, XIE Hua-An1,2, ZHANG Jian-Fu1,2,**
1 Rice Research Institute, Fujian Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Fuzhou 350019, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding of Hybrid Rice for South China, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, P. R. China/Fuzhou Branch, National Rice Improvement Center of China/Fujian Engineering Laboratory of Crop Molecular Breeding/Fujian Key Laboratory of Rice Molecular Breeding/Incubator of National Key Laboratory of Fujian Germplasm Innovation and Molecular Breeding Between Fujian and Ministry of Sciences & Technology/Base of South-China, National Key Laboratory of Hybrid Rice/National Rice Engineering Laboratory of China, Fuzhou 350003, China; 3 Station of Agricultural Technology Extending for Youxi County, Sanming 365100, China; 4 Youxi County Institute of Agricultural Sciences, Sanming 365100, China
Abstract：Shading stress is a common abiotic stress faced by crops. Rice (Oryza sativa) is a light-loving crop. To clarify the characteristics and physiological mechanisms underlying the response of rice varieties with different shade tolerances to shade stress, 'Minghui 63' (a relatively shade-tolerant restorer line) and 'Fuxiangzhan' (a high-quality conventional rice variety with poor shade tolerance) were used as materials in this study. Shade stress treatments were applied at the seedling stage and from the heading to maturity stage, respectively. Differences in photosynthetic traits, biomass, yield traits, and the expression of genes related to photosynthesis and the light reaction pathway were compared between plants subjected to shade stress and those grown under normal light conditions. After shade stress at the seedling stage, the photosynthetic rate, SPAD value (relative chlorophyll content), soluble sugar content, root-shoot ratio, and biomass of both varieties were decreased. The reductions in photosynthetic rate, SPAD value, and soluble sugar content of 'Fuxiangzhan' were greater than those of 'Minghui 63', while the reduction in biomass was smaller than that of 'Minghui 63'. After shade stress from the heading to maturity stage, the growth periods of 'Minghui 63' and 'Fuxiangzhan' extended by 3 and 4 d, respectively. The contents of chlorophyll A and carotenoids in both varieties increased, while the photosynthetic rate decreased, and the number of sterile pollen grains increased. Fifteen genes related to photosynthesis and the light reaction were differentially expressed in at least 1 variety, but the variation trends differed between the 2 varieties. For 'Minghui 63', the biomass decreased by 22.37%, 1000-grain weight by 5.94%, seed setting rate by 10.69%, and yield by 15.45%. For 'Fuxiangzhan', the biomass increased by 19.75%, the number of grains per panicle decreased by 18.04%, the seed setting rate decreased by 14.80%, and the yield decreased by 26.68%. The yield reduction of 'Minghui 63' under shade stress was smaller than that of 'Fuxiangzhan'. The results of this study clarified the responses of 'Minghui 63' and 'Fuxiangzhan' to shade stress, which is beneficial to the research on the shade tolerance mechanism of rice and can serve the innovation of shade-tolerant rice germplasm and variety breeding.
[1] 杜彦修, 晏云, 季新, 等. 2019. 沿黄稻区水稻灌溉期遮阴对产量和品质的影响及耐弱光粳稻品种筛选[J]. 植物遗传资源学, 20(5): 1160-1169. (Du Y X, Yan Y, Ji X, et al.2019. Effects of shading on yield and quality of japonica rice varieties in rice-growing regions alongside the yellow river during grain-filling stage and screening of low-light tolerance[J]. Journal of Plant Genetic Resources, 20(5): 1160-1169.) [2] 刘奇华, 李天, 张建军. 2006. 生育前期遮光对水稻后期功能叶生长及稻米品质的影响[J]. 生态学杂志, 25(10): 1167-1172. (Liu Q H, Li T, Zhang J J.2006. Effects of early stage shading on function leaf growth at grain-filling stage and on grain quality of rice[J]. Chinese Journal of Ecology, 25(10): 1167-1172.) [3] 刘婷, 刘卫国, 任梦露, 等. 2016. 遮荫程度对不同耐荫性大豆品种光合及抗倒程度的影响[J].中国农业科学, 49(8): 1466-1475. (Liu T, Liu W G, Ren M L, et al.2016. Effects of shade degrees on photosynthesis and lodging resistance degree of different shade tolerance soybean[J]. Scientia Agricultura Sinica, 49(8): 1466-1475.) [4] 任万军, 杨文钰, 徐精文, 等. 2002. 始穗后弱光对不同基因型水稻叶片特性的影响[J]. 四川农业大学学报, 20(3): 205-208. (Ren W J, Yang W Y, Xu J W, et al.2002. Impact of low-light stress on leaves characteristics of rice after heading[J]. Journal of Sichuan Agricultural University, 20(3): 205-208.) [5] 王成孜, 高丽敏, 孙玉明, 等. 2019. 弱光胁迫对分蘖期超级稻与常规稻叶片光合特性的影响[J]. 南京农业大学学报, 42(1): 111-117. (Wang C Z, Gao L M, Sun Y M, et al.2019. The effect of weak light stress on leaf photosynthetic characteristics in super hybrid rice and conventional rice at tillering stage[J]. Journal of Nanjing Agricultural University, 42(1): 111-117.) [6] 王学春, 赵祥, 赵长坤,等. 2021. 四川常用杂交水稻对弱光胁迫的响应差异及其评价体系构建[J]. 云南大学学报(自然科学版), 43(2): 386-394. (Wang X C, Zhao X, Zhao C K, et al.2021. The response difference of different hybrid rice to the low light stress and the construction of evaluation system for low light tolerant rice breeding in Sichuan province[J]. Journal of Yunnan University (Natural Sciences Edition), 43(2): 386-394.) [7] 王竹, 杨文钰, 吴其林. 2007. 玉/豆套作荫蔽对大豆光合特性与产量的影响[J]. 作物学报, 33(9): 1502-1507. (Wang Z, Yang W Y, Wu Q L.2007. Effects of shading in maize/soybean relay-cropping system on the photosynthetic characteristics and yield of soybean[J]. Acta Agronomica Sinica, 33(9): 1502-1507.) [8] 杨东, 段留生, 谢华安, 等. 2011. 水稻幼苗生长对弱光胁迫的响应及相关分析[J]. 中国农学通报, 27(5): 70-79. (Yang D, Duan L S, Xie H A, et al.2011. The response and correlation analysis of rice seedlings growth to low-light stress[J]. Chinese Agricultural Science Bulletin, 27(5): 70-79.) [9] 赵丝雨, 王思宇, 王文艳, 等. 2024. 低温和荫蔽双重胁迫对大豆光合特性的影响[J]. 西南大学学报(自然科学版), 46(8): 22-30. (Zhao S Y, Wang S Y, Wang W Y, et al.2024. The effects of dual stresses of low temperature and shade on the photosynthetic characteristics of soybean[J]. Journal of Southwest University (Natural Science Edition), 46(8): 22-30.) [10] Casal J J.2012. Shade Avoidance. Arabidopsis Book[M]. Electronic Publication, Rockville, USA. 10: e0157. [11] Garg A K, Sawers R J, Wang H, et al.2006. Light-regulated overexpression of an Arabidopsis phytochrome A gene in rice alters plant architecture and increases grain yield[J]. Planta, 223(4): 627-636. [12] Hirose F, Inagaki N, Hanada A, et al.2012. Cryptochrome and phytochrome cooperatively but independently reduce active gibberellin content in rice seedlings under light irradiation[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 53(9): 1570-1582. [13] Hirose F, Shinomura T, Tanabata T, et al.2006. Involvement of rice cryptochromes in de-etiolation responses and flowering[J]. Plant and Cell Physiology, 47(7): 915-925. [14] Ishikawa R, Shinomura T, Takano M, et al.2009. Phytochrome dependent quantitative control of Hd3a transcription is the basis of the night break effect in rice flowering[J]. Genes & Genetic Systems, 84(2): 179-184. [15] Iwamoto M, Kiyota S, Hanada A, et al.2011. The multiple contributions of phytochromes to the control of internode elongation in rice[J]. Plant Physiology, 157(3): 1187-1195. [16] Kong S G, Lee D S, Kwak S N, et al.2004. Characterization of sunlight-grown transgenic rice plants expressing Arabidopsis phytochrome A[J]. Molecular Breeding, 14(1): 35-46. [17] Kong S G, Wada M.2014. Recent advances in understanding the molecular mechanism of chloroplast photorelocation movement[J]. Acta Biochimica et Biophysica Sinica, 1837(4): 522-530. [18] Koumoto T, Saito N, Aoki N, et al.2016. Effects of salt and low light intensity during the vegetative stage on susceptibility of rice to male sterility induced by chilling stress during the reproductive stage[J]. Plant Production Science, 19(4): 497-507. [19] Li C, Wang X, Zhang L, et al.2022. OsBIC1 directly interacts with OsCRYs to regulate leaf sheath length through mediating GA-responsive pathway[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 23(1): 287-304. [20] Lichtenthaler H K.1987. Chlorophylls and carotenoids: Pigments of photosynthetic biomembranes[J]. Methods in Enzymology, 148: 350-382. [21] Liu Q H, Wu X, Chen B C,et al.2014. Effects of low light on agronomic and physiological characteristics of rice including grain yield and quality[J]. Rice Science, 21(5): 243-251. [22] Panigrahy M, Ranga A, Das J, et al.2019. Shade tolerance in Swarnaprabha rice is associated with higher rate of panicle emergence and positively regulated by genes of ethylene and cytokinin pathway[J]. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 6817. [23] Ramamoorthy R, Vishal B, Ramachandran S, et al.2018. The OsPS1-F gene regulates growth and development in rice by modulating photosynthetic electron transport rate[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 37(2): 377-385. [24] Singh S, Vergish S, Jain N, et al.2023. OsCRY2 and OsFBO10 co-regulate photomorphogenesis and photoperiodic flowering in indica rice[J]. Plant Science, 330: 111631. [25] Takano M, Inagaki N, Xie X, et al.2009. Phytochromes are the sole photoreceptors for perceiving red/far-red light in rice[J]. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the USA, 106(34): 14705-14710. [26] Wang F F, Lian H L, Kang C Y, et al.2010. Phytochrome B is involved in mediating red light-induced stomatal opening in Arabidopsis thaliana[J]. Molecular Plant, 3(1): 246-259. [27] Xu Q, Saito H, Hirose I, et al.2014. The effects of the photoperiod-insensitive alleles, se13, hd1 and ghd7, on yield components in rice[J]. Molecular Breeding, 33(4): 813-819. [28] Yang C, Hu H, Ren H, et al.2016. LIGHT-INDUCED RICE1 regulates light-dependent attachment of leaf-type ferredoxin-NADP+oxidoreductase to the thylakoid membrane in rice and Arabidopsis[J]. Plant Cell, 28(3): 712-728. [29] Zhang R, Yang C, Jiang Y, et al.2019. A PIF7-CONSTANS-centered molecular regulatory network underlying shade-accelerated flowering[J]. Molecular Plant, 12(12): 1587-1597.
