Genome-wide Identification of PR-1 Gene Family in Capsicum annuum and Analysis of Its Expression Pattern in Response to Phytophthora capsici
HE Wei1, ZHANG Hui2*, WANG Jia-Lin1, HUANG Yue2, WANG Xing-Liang2, SHEN Xiao-Yu2
1 Department of Pharmacy, Guizhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Guiyang 550025, China; 2 Institute of Horticulture, Heilongjiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Harbin 150069, China
Abstract：Pathogenesis-related protein 1 (PR-1), which are defense proteins in plant-pathogen interactions, play an important role in the resistance and defense of plants against diseases. The present study aimed at genome-wide identification and bioinformatics analyses of PR-1 genes in pepper (Capsicum annuum). The analyses resulted in the identification of 19 novel CaPR-1 genes, each of which produced a protein belonging to the CAP superfamily. Most of the CaPR-1 proteins contained an N-terminal signal peptide. Phylogenetic tree analysis of a total of 54 PR-1 protein sequences from pepper, tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) and Arabidopsis thaliana showed that the PR-1 family proteins were divided into 3 categories, and the pepper PR-1was closely related to tomato PR-1. The structural analysis revealed similar 3D structures of all CaPR-1 proteins except CaPR-1.1 and CaPR-1.12. In the promoter of CaPR-1 gene, hypothetical cis-elements related to defense stress response, plant hormones, light and transcription factor were detected. The GO and KEGG functional annotations predicted their function in the defense stress response, plant hormones and plant- pathogen interactions. Microarray data analysis showed that CaPR-1 not only responded to cold, salinity, drought and heat stresse, but also affected by exogenous hormones such as salicylic acid, methyl jasmonate, ethylene and abscisic acid. CaPR-1.4 and CaPR-1.15 genes were up-regulated under salinity or drought stress, and CaPR-1.17 gene was up-regulated inducted by 4 exogenous hormones. The expression pattern of CaPR-1 transcript was altered under infection with Phytophthora capsici, with up-regulation of alkaline CaPR-1 genes such as CaPR-1.4, CaPR-1.15 and CaPR-1.17. The drastic variation in the transcript levels of CaPR-1.17 gene was further validated through qRT-PCR and it showed a significant up-regulation in infected samples (P<0.05). The result showed that the CaPR-1 family might be important in plant stress resistance. This study provides a reference for in-depth exploration of the mechanism of pepper PR-1 family involved in P. capsic resistance.
赫卫, 张慧, 王嘉琳, 黄越, 王兴亮, 申晓宇. 辣椒PR-1基因家族的全基因组鉴定及其响应辣椒疫霉的表达模式分析[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2025, 33(6): 1192-1205.
HE Wei, ZHANG Hui, WANG Jia-Lin, HUANG Yue, WANG Xing-Liang, SHEN Xiao-Yu. Genome-wide Identification of PR-1 Gene Family in Capsicum annuum and Analysis of Its Expression Pattern in Response to Phytophthora capsici. 农业生物技术学报, 2025, 33(6): 1192-1205.
[1] 谭清群, 袁洁, 杨学辉, 等. 2014. 贵州省辣椒新品种对疫病和青枯病的抗性鉴定研究[J]. 种子 , 33(11): 82-85. (Tan Q Q, Yuan J, Yang X H, et al.2014. Identification of resistance to phytophthora blight and bacterial wilt in pepper varieties in guizhou province regional trial[J]. Seed, 33(11): 82-85.) [2] Akbudak M A, Yildiz S, Filiz E.2020. Pathogenesis related protein-1(PR-1)genes in tomato(Solanum lycopersicum L.): Bioinformatics analyses and expression profiles in response to drought stress[J]. Genomics, 112(6): 4089-4099. [3] Breen S, Williams S J, Outram M, et al.2017. Emerging in-sights into the functions of pathogenesis-related protein1[J]. Trends in Plant Science, 22(10): 871-879. [4] Chen J F, Tong G, Wan S Q, et al.2018. Genome-wide identi-fication, classification and expression analysis of the HSP gene superfamily in tea plant(Camellia sinensis)[J]. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 19(9): 2633. [5] Durrant W E, Dong X.2004. Systemic acquired resistance[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 42(1): 185-209. [6] Gamir J, Darwiche R, Hof P V, et al.2017. The sterol-binding activity of pathogenesis-related protein 1 reveals the mode of action of an antimicrobial protein[J]. The Plant Journal, 89(3): 502-509. [7] Gao L, Wang S, Li X Y.2015. Expression and functional analysis of a pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene, TcLr19- PR1, involved in wheat resistance against leaf rust fun -gus[J]. Plant Molecular Biology Reporter, 33:797-805. [8] Goyal R K, Fatima T, Topuz M, et al.2016. Pathogenesis-re-lated protein 1b1(PR1b1)is a major tomato fruit pro-tein responsive to chilling temperature and upregulated in high polyamine transgenic genotypes[J]. Frontiers in Plant Science, 7(21): 901. [9] Kattupalli D, Sreenivasan A, Soniya E V.2021. A genome- wide analysis of pathogenesis-related protein-1(PR-1)genes from Piper nigrum reveals its critical role during Phytophthora capsici infection[J]. Genes, 12(7): 1007. [10] Kiba A, Nishihara M, Nakatsuka T, et al.2007. Pathogenesis-related protein 1 homologue is an antifungal protein in Wasabia japonica leaves and confers resistance to Botrytis cinerea in transgenic tobacco[J]. Plant Biotech-nology, 24(2): 247-253. [11] Kiraga J, Mackiewicz P, Mackiewicz D, et al.2007. The rela-tionships between the isoelectric point and: Length of proteins, taxonomy and ecology of organisms[J]. BMC Genomics, 8(1): 163. [12] Li Z T, Dhekney S A, Gray D J.2011. PR-1 gene family of grapevine: A uniquely duplicated PR-1 gene from a vitis interspecific hybrid confers high level resistance to bac-terial disease in transgenic tobacco[J]. Plant Cell Re-ports, 30(1): 1-11. [13] Liu Q P, Xue Q Z.2006. Computational identification of nov-el PR-1-type genes in Oryza sativa[J]. Journal of Genet-ics, 85(3): 193-198. [14] Liu W X, Zhang F C, Zhang W Z, et al.2013. Arabidopsis Di19 functions as a transcription factor and modulates PR1, PR2, and PR5 expression in response to drought stress[J]. Molecular Plant, 6(5): 1487-1502. [15] Lu S, Friesen T L, Faris J D.2011. Molecular characterization and genomic mapping of the pathogenesis-related pro-tein 1(PR-1)gene family in hexaploid wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)[J]. Molecular Genetics & Genomics, 285(6): 485-503. [16] Ma L G, Meng Q L, Shi F M, et al.2022. Genome-wide analy-sis of maize PR-1 gene family and expression profiles induced by plant hormones and fungal phytopathogens[J]. American Journal of Translational Research, 14(11): 8315-8331. [17] Mei C, Qi M, Sheng G, et al.2006. Inducible overexpression of a rice allene oxide synthase gene increases the endog-enous jasmonic acid level, PR gene expression, and host resistance to fungal infection[J]. Molecular Plant-mi-crobe Interactions, 19(10): 1127-1137. [18] Meyer M D, Hausbeck M K.2012. Using cultural practices and cultivar resistance to manage Phytophthora crown rot on summer squash[J]. HortScience, 47(8): 1080-1084. [19] Mitsuhara I, Iwai T, Seo S, et al.2008. Characteristic expres-sion of twelve rice PR1 family genes in response to pathogen infection, wounding, and defense-related sig-nal compounds(121/180)[J]. Molecular Genetics & Ge-nomics, 279(4): 415-427. [20] Niderman T, Genetet I, Thierry Bruyère, et al.1995. Pathogen-esis-related PR-1 proteins are antifungal: Isolation and characterization of three 14-kilodalton proteins of toma-to and of a basic PR-1 of tobacco with inhibitory activi-ty against Phytophthora infestans[J]. Plant Physiology,108(1): 17-27. [21] Sarowar S, Kim Y J, Kim E N, et al.2005. Overexpression of a pepper basic pathogenesis-related protein 1 gene in to-bacco plants enhances resistance to heavy metal and pathogen stresses[J]. Plant Cell Reports, 24(4): 216-224. [22] Shin S H, Pak J-H, Kim M J, et al.2014. An acidic pathogene-sis-related 1 gene of Oryza grandiglumis is involved in disease resistance response against bacterial infection[J]. Plant Pathology Journal, 30(2): 208-214. [23] Sparla F, Rotino L, Valgimigli M C, et al.2004. Systemic re-sistance induced by benzothiadiazole in pear inoculated with the agent of fire blight(Erwinia amylovora)[J]. Sci-entia Horticulturae, 101(3): 269-279. [24] Spitz F, Furlong E E M.2012. Transcription factors: From en-hancer binding to developmental control[J]. Nature Re-views Genetics, 13(9): 613-626. [25] Stank A, Kokh D B, Fuller J C, et al.2016. Protein binding pocket dynamics[J]. Accounts of Chemical Research, 49(5): 809-815. [26] Van Loon L C, Van Kammen A.1970. Polyacrylamide disc electrophoresis of the soluble leaf proteins from Nicotia- na tabacum var. 'Samsun' and 'Samsun NN'[J]. Virology,40(2): 199-211. [27] Van Loon L C, Rep M, Pieterse C M J.2006. Significance of inducible defense-related proteins in infected plants[J]. Annual Review of Phytopathology, 44(1): 135-162. [28] Vihinen M.2015. Types and effects of protein variations[J]. Human Genetics, 134(4): 405-421. [29] Wang J, Mao X, Wang R, et al.2019. Identification of wheat stress-responding genes and TaPR-1-1 function by screening a cDNA yeast library prepared following abi-otic stress[J]. Scientific Reports, 9(1): 141. [30] Xu Y, Chang P, Liu D, et al.1994. Plant defense genes are synergistically induced by ethylene and methyl jasmo-nate[J]. The Plant Cell, 6(8): 1077-1085. [31] Zhang Q Q, Guo N N, Zhang Y H, et al.2022. Genome-wide characterization and expression analysis of pathogene-sis-related 1(PR-1)gene family in tea plant(Camellia si-nensis(L.)O. Kuntze)in response to blister-blight dis-ease stress[J]. International Journal of Molecular Scienc-es, 23(3): 1292.
