摘要水稻(Oryza sativa)粒型是决定水稻产量、稻米外观、营养品质和商品价值的重要因素,粒型主要受遗传因素的调控。挖掘并利用水稻粒型优异基因资源并解析其调控水稻粒型的分子机制,是进一步改良稻米品质和提高水稻产量的重要策略。本研究以410份3K水稻核心种质为研究材料,于种子成熟后测量粒长、粒宽和粒厚,结合种质基因型进行水稻粒型全基因组关联分析(genome-wide association analysis, GWAS),并对定位到的粒型QTL进行候选基因以及候选基因单倍型分析,筛选这些QTL的候选基因。结果表明,GWAS共检测到5个粒型相关的QTL,分布在水稻1、3、5、7和8号染色体上,控制粒长的QTL有qGL3、qGL7和qGL8,其中qGL3与GS3共定位,qGL7与GL7共定位,而qGL8为控制粒长的新QTL位点;控制粒宽的QTL有qGW5,与GW5共定位;控制粒厚的QTL为qGT1,与d61共定位。初步筛选到qGL8的候选基因为Os08g0421800。分析粒长QTL不同单倍型在种质中的聚合情况,结果显示,qGL3、qGL7和qGL8候选基因优异单倍型聚合在'B073'、'B081'等8份种质中,这8份种质谷粒均为细长型。本研究为水稻粒型的遗传改良提供了新的种质资源和理论支撑。
Abstract：Rice (Oryza sativa) grain shape is a critical factor in determining the yield, appearance, nutritional quality, and commercial value of rice. Grain shape is primarily determined by genetic factors. It is crucial to enhance the quality and yield of rice by exploring and utilizing valuable gene resources related to rice grain shape, as well as analyzing the molecular mechanisms that regulate it. In this study, 410 3K rice core germplasms were used as research materials. After seed maturation, measurements were taken for grain length, grain width, and grain thickness. Genome-wide association analysis (GWAS) was conducted using the genotypes of the germplasm. Candidate genes and haplotypes were analyzed to screen for potential genes associated with these QTL. A total of 5 QTL related to grain shape were detected by GWAS, which were distributed on chromosomes 1, 3, 5, 7, and 8 of rice. The QTL controlling grain length were qGL3, qGL7, and qGL8. Among these, qGL3 was co-located with GS3, qGL7 was co-located with GL7, and qGL8 was a newly discovered QTL locus that controls grain length. The QTL controlling grain width was qGW5, which was co-located with GW5. The QTL controlling grain thickness was qGT1, which was co-located with d61. The candidate gene for qGL8 was Os08g0421800. The analysis involved aggregating different haplotypes of grain length QTL in germplasm. It was found that the favorable haplotypes of the candidate genes qGL3, qGL7, and qGL8 were present in 8 germplasms, including 'B073' and 'B081'. Additionally, the grains of these 8 germplasms were slender. This study provides new germplasm resources and theoretical support for enhancing the genetic improvement of rice grain shape.
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