摘要蒙古羊(Ovis aries)和杜泊羊分别作为我国和南非的优秀绵羊品种在抗逆性和羊肉品质上都有着良好的表现，热响应调控机制还知之甚少。利用二代测序技术，在炎热条件下（>30℃）对蒙古羊和杜泊羊的骨骼肌进行采样和转录组测序，进而得到差异表达的蛋白编码基因252种（包括已注释的109种）和长链非编码RNA基因60种。根据差异表达基因相关的基因功能富集、通路富集和前人研究，筛选出了19种参与热响应的蛋白编码基因。其中即时初期响应5（immediate early response 5，IER5）、初期生长响应1（early growth response 1，EGR1）、sprouty相关EVH1域包含1（sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1，SPRED1）、减数分裂和突触相关的睾丸表达15（testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated，TEX15）等15种参与到蒙古羊骨骼肌热响应调节；血管生成素类似物7（angiopoietin like 7，ANGPTL7）、昼夜节律相关的转录抑制因子（circadian associated repressor of transcription，CIART）、ATP结合盒亚家族A成员12（ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12，ABCA12）、钙和整合素结合家族成员2（calcium and integrin binding family member 2，CIB2）共4种参与到杜泊羊骨骼肌热响应调节。这些热响应相关基因的生物学功能涉及到细胞热应答、热休克蛋白结合、钙离子结合、变性蛋白质折叠态的维持和DNA修复等。而10种长链非编码RNA基因（包括XLOC_1944721、XLOC_3483583、XLOC_775492等）的转录物长链非编码RNA则通过反式trans作用分别靶向调控热响应相关的BCL2关联永生基因3（BCL2 associated athanogene 3，BAG3）、DnaJ热休克蛋白家族（Hsp40）成员A4（DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A4，DNAJA4）、热休克蛋白家族A（Hsp70）成员1类似物（heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like，HSPA1L）、EGR1、IER5、DnaJ热休克蛋白家族（Hsp40）成员B1[DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1，DNAJB1]和肌球蛋白轻链10(myosin light chain 10，MYL10）。以上涉及的热响应相关的蛋白编码基因和长链非编码RNA基因可以促进对绵羊机体热应答的了解，并为靶向耐热性状的家畜育种提供分子理论基础。
Abstract：Mongolian sheep (Ovis aries) and Dorper sheep, as excellent sheep breeds in China and South Africa, have good performance in stress resistance and mutton quality, but that little is known about the regulation of their heat response. By Illumina HiSeq system, the skeletal muscles of Mongolian sheep and Dorper sheep were sampled and RNA-sequenced under heat condition (>30℃), and further detected 252 differentially expressed protein-coding genes (including 109 annotated genes) and 60 long non-coding RNA genes. Based on gene functional enrichment, pathway enrichment analyses and previous studies for differentially expressed genes, 19 heat-response-related protein-coding genes were screened out. Immediate early response 5 (IER5), arly growth response 1 (EGR1), sprouty related EVH1 domain containing 1 (SPRED1), testis expressed 15, meiosis and synapsis associated (TEX15), etc were involved in heat-response of skeletal muscle in Mongolian sheep. Angiopoietin like 7 (ANGPTL7), circadian associated repressor of transcription (CIART), ATP binding cassette subfamily A member 12 (ABCA12), calcium and integrin binding family member 2 (CIB2) were involved in heat-response of skeletal muscle in Dorper sheep. The biological functions of above 19 protein-coding genes contain cellular heat response, heat shock protein binding, calcium ion binding, folding-competent state maintaining of denatured protein and DNA repair etc. Heat-response-related BCL2 associated athanogene 3 (BAG3), DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member A4 (DNAJA4), heat shock protein family A (Hsp70) member 1 like (HSPA1L), EGR1, IER5, DnaJ heat shock protein family (Hsp40) member B1 (DNAJB1) and myosin light chain 10 (MYL10) were trans-regulated by lncRNA transcripts of long non-coding RNA gene XLOC_1944721, XLOC_3483583, XLOC_775492, etc. Above heat-response protein-coding genes and long non-coding RNA genes can make people comprehend heat regulation in sheep, while the genes also provide molecular theoretical basis for livestock breeding on targeting heat-resistant.
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