Abstract：The uncoupling protein 3 (UCP3) is a member of the mitochondrial anion carrier family, which play important roles in several physiological processes, including thermogenesis, reactive oxygen species generation, lipid metabolism and insulin secretion. Although the roles of UCP3 gene are well understood in mammals, little is known about it in pigeon (Columba livia). In this study, ten white king pigeons were selected as the research object. The full-length cDNA sequence of UCP3 gene was cloned from spleen by rapid amplification of cDNA ends (RACE) and analyzed using bioinformatics tools. The distribution and expression level of pigeon UCP3 in different tissues were determined by qRT-PCR. The results showed that the full-length of pigeon UCP3 (GenBank No. KU166860.1) cDNA was of 1 413 bp including a 924 bp open reading frame (ORF), 75 bp 5'UTR and 414 bp 3'UTR. The ORF encoded polypeptides of 307 amino acids. Structure prediction showed that there were three mitochondrial carrier motifs in the pigeon UCP3 protein. The deduced amino acid sequence of pigeon UCP3 shared identity of 90%~93% with other birds, 72%~75% with mammals, 70% with Danio rerio, and 69% with Xenopus laevis. The phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that birds, mammals, fish and amphibians each formed a branch. And in the bird branch, Columba livia was closely related with Anas platyrhynchos. These results were similar to the biological classification of different species. The results of qRT-PCR showed that pigeon UCP3 were expressed in all 6 tissues examined. The UCP3 mRNA expression levels in lung were highest, which were significantly higher than that in other tissues (P＜0.05), followed by spleen and kidney, and relative lower expression was detected in muscle and heart, and the lowest expression was found in liver. The results of this work may provide a theoretical basis for the further study of its function in poultry.
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