Abstract：Signal transducer and activator of transcription 5a (STAT5a), considered as an important candidate gene for milk production traits, plays key roles in the process of development of regulating animal mammary gland. In the present study, seven tissues included heart, liver, spleen, lung, kidney, cerebellum and mammary gland of Tibetan and Small tail han sheep were detected by qRT-PCR to research the tissues distribution and the differences in expression between different sheep breeds and tissues. The P1 and P2 primer amplification regions of STAT5a in three sheep breeds (Tibetan sheep, Hu sheep and Duolang sheep) using PCR-SSCP and sequencing methods to analysis nucleotide sequence variation and population genetic characteristics. The results indicated that STAT5a gene was expressed in all seven tissues and showed significant differences in species and tissues. The expression of mammary gland was significantly higher than other six tissues in Tibetan and Small tail han sheep (P＜0.01). Between these two breeds, the expression of mammary gland in small han sheep was highly than Tibetan sheep(P＜0.05), but the expression of kidney, cerebellum, and liver were lower than Tibetan sheep (P＜0.05). Two SNPs (c.2150-154C＞T and c.2150-50T＞C) and corresponding alleles A and B were detected in P1 primer amplification regions of STAT5a in sheep. The allele B and genotype BB were the dominant allele and genotype and Tibetan population was moderately polymorphic (0.25＜PIC＜0.5), but other populations were low polymorphic (PIC＜0.25). The χ2 values of the three sheep populations were non-significant (P＞0.05), so those populations lay in the Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium. However, there was no polymorphism in the P2 primer amplification region. In conclusion, these results enrich the contents of the sheep genome and provide the basic information for the molecular mechanism of the formation of mammary gland.
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