Abstract：Abstract Bone morphogenetic protein 15 (BMP15) is one member of the transforming growth factor-β (TGF-β) superfamily, also known as GDF9B for its similarity in protein structure and biological function with the growth differentiation factor 9 (GDF9), another member of the TGF-β superfamily. As an oocyte-secreted factor (OSF), BMP15 can form biologically active homodimers or heterodimers with GDF9 through non-covalent interactions, to bind to specific receptors BMPR1B and/or BMPR2 expressed on the ovarian cell membrane, playing an important role in the regulation of mammalian ovarian functions and fertility, including the promotion of follicle growth and maturation from gonadotrophin-independent stages; BMP15 gene has been identified as one of the major genes controlling ovulation rate in multiparous sheep. This review summarizes the common and differing functions of BMP15 gene between different mammalian species, aiming at providing a useful information for further study on the regulatory role of BMP15 gene on female ovarian functions. In addition, based on the rapid development of genome editing technology, prolific livestock breed is hoped to be produced in future through precise modifications on BMP15 gene.
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