Abstract：The water sources in the livestock areas in the central and western parts of northern China are mostly high-salt water sources. Ordinary livestock cannot adapt to such water sources, thus affecting the development of animal husbandry in the northern regions. Bactrian camel (Camelidae bactrianus) has a species capable of adapting to high salt water source in the extreme environment of northern desert, but its adaptation mechanism is still unclear. In this study, bactrian camel's salt adaptability was concerned and bactrian camel colon tissue under salt stress conditions and normal conditions was sequenced to understand the mechanism of adaptability of camel's colon tissues to a salt stress environment. The results showed that 52 882 246 reads were measured in the test group and 51 533 346 in the control group; the total mapped rate of reads in the test group was 86.41%, the uniquely mapped rate was 84.61%, the total mapped rate of reads in the control group was 92.48%, the uniquely mapped rate was 91.62 %; 2 450 differentially expressed genes were obtained, among which 1 136 genes were up-regulated and 1 314 were down-regulated. Gene Ontology (GO) analysis results showed that there were 17 terms that had significantly down-regulated expression of genes and 28 terms that had significantly up-regulated expression of genes. There was no statistically significant enrichment term in the up-regulated expression of genes. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) enrichment analysis showed that the down-regulated expression genes were significantly enriched to include spliceosome, RNA transport, basal transcription factors, ribosome biogenesis in eukaryotes, RNA degradation，oxidative phosphorylation and protein export; up-regulation of expression of genes were not found in enriched pathways. The above results indicated that genes with down-regulated expression in colon were more than up-regulated expressed genes in salt stress. Statistically significant biological function analysis showed that down-regulated expression genes were involved in RNA processes and protein synthesis pathways. These genes were favorable for reducing RNA synthesis and reducing the metabolic rate of colon tissue. This study analyzes the salt adaptation mechanism of regional characteristic livestock breeds, and provides salt adaptation molecular theory for breeding, thereby improving regional resource utilization.
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