The Longdong region of Gansu Province, adjacent to China's wheat (Triticum aestivum) stripe rust oversummering inoculum reservoir (Longnan Region), serves not only as a high-incidence area for the disease but also as a key transmission corridor to eastern wheat production zones, posing a severe threat to local wheat production security. Pyramiding resistance genes to develop wheat varieties with durable resistance is the most economical and effective green control strategy to control the disease's epidemics in this area. This study crossed the slow-rusting wheat line 'Longyuan 932' with the highly stripe rust-resistant cultivar 'Lantian 15', and pyramided the resistance genes Yr29, Yr30, and YrZH84 through pedigree breeding combined with molecular marker-assisted selection. Two new winter wheat varieties, 'Lantian 133' and 'Lantian 134', were developed. These varieties exhibited seedling-stage immunity to the high-toxic race of stripe rust CYR33 (but susceptibility to CYR34), and exhibited high resistance to mixed pathogen populations at adult-plant stage, and demonstrated adaptability for cultivation in Gansu Province and Ningxia. The development of new wheat varieties with pyramided disease-resistant genes holds significant importance for sustainable control of wheat stripe rust in Gansu Province, and also provides elite parental lines for breeding durable resistance cultivars in China.

The aroma components of potatoes (Solanum tuberosum) are complex, formed by the combined action of various volatile flavor compounds, and are closely related to the eating quality of potatoes. This study unveiled the difference by comparing the parameters of characteristics between newly breeding lines and their parents, and analyzed the volatile flavor compounds and contents in potato. Three new potato strains (ZS9476-1, ZS9476-2, ZS9476-5) were used as research materials, and their parents ('Zhongshu No.9', '476') as control. The detection and analysis assays were carried out by conventional chromosome spreading method, SSR marker technology, headspace solid-phase microextraction (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS). The pollen fertility of new lines ZS9476-1, ZS9476-2, ZS9476-5 were 60.58%, 71.25% and 58.98%, respectively, which were higher than their parents, and suitable for male parents. Chromosome pairing configurations were 2n=4x=48=1.78Ⅰ+12.96Ⅱ+2.22Ⅲ+3.41Ⅳ, 2n=4x=48=2.01Ⅰ+12.63Ⅱ+1.51Ⅲ+4.05Ⅳ, and 2n=4x=48=2.49Ⅰ+12.07Ⅱ+2.15Ⅲ+3.73Ⅳ (Ⅰ~Ⅳare monovalent, divalent, trivalent, and tetravalent, respectively). The new lines ZS9476-2 and ZS9476-5 showed complementary pattern of parents and exhibited superior inheritance, and ZS9476-1 was deletion pattern. A total of 55 volatile flavor compounds were detected in 5 potato genotypes, and there were differences in volatile compounds among different genotypes, there were 25 compounds detected in new line ZS9476-1, 27 compounds in ZS9476-2 and 24 compounds in ZS9476-5, among which aldehydes accounted for the highest proportion and were the main flavor compounds, and 2-methylbutyraldehyde and 4-ethylbenzaldehyde were common compounds among these 5 potato genotypes. There were 13 key aroma substances identified, with the highest content of key aroma substances found in the female parent 'Zhongshu No. 9'. New line ZS9476-5 had the highest contents for 3 key aroma compounds, 4-isopropyl-1,3- cyclohexanediene-1-formaldehyde, dodecenal and 3-hydroxy-2-butanone, which gave nutty malt aroma, fatty aroma, and grassy aroma, and its flavor quality was the best compared with other lines. This study provides theoretical basis and resources for breeding of new potato varieties.

GA20-oxidase, a key enzyme in the gibberellins (GAs) biosynthesis pathway, has been widely studied in major food crops such as rice (Oryza sativa), wheat (Triticum aestivum), and corn (Zea mays), however, research on it in sweetpotato (Ipomoea batatas) remains completely unexplored. In this study, a GA20 oxidase gene named I. batatas gibberellin 20 oxidase1 (IbGA20ox1) was identified using the full-length transcriptome and genome data of sweet potato (I. batatas), and its bioinformatics and expression pattern were analyzed, and its function was verified by overexpression in Arabidopsis thaliana. The results showed that the CDS of IbGA20ox1 gene was 1 083 bp, encoding 361 amino acids, and the molecular weight of the protein was 40.7 kD, which was an acidic hydrophile protein. Comparative analysis of protein sequences showed that GA20 oxidase in plants was highly conserved. Expression pattern analysis showed that IbGA20ox1 gene was highly expressed in sweet potato flowers, fibrous roots, leaves and buds. In leaves, this gene can be induced by gibberellin. IbGA20ox1 in A. thaliana overexpressed plants showed elongated plants, early flowering, and increased the expression of key genes of GA metabolic pathway. The results of this study provide a reference for further elucidating the functional characteristics of GA20 oxidase gene in sweet potato and revealing its molecular mechanism involved in regulating the growth and development of sweet potato.

High temperature is an important factor that restricts the healthy and sustainable development of sesame (Sesamum indicum) production. The aim of this study is to reveal the molecular mechanism and mining key transcription factors in response to high temperature stress of sesame, and analyze the expression characteristics of candidate genes under different stresses. In this study, the leaves of heat-tolerant sesame variety 'Zhengtaizhi No.3' and heat-sensitive sesame variety 'Shandong White Sesame' were collected after 10 d of high temperature treatment for transcriptome sequencing. The results showed that 954 transcription factors were identified in 2 sesame varieties under high temperature treatment, and 255 transcription factors were differentially expressed, accounting for 26.73% of the total. The most differentially expressed transcription factor families were bHLH (basic helix-loop-helix), AP2/ERF (ethylene responsive factor), NAC (NAM, ATAF1/2, CUC1/2), MYB (avian myeloblastosis viral oncogenehomolog) and C2H2 families. Compared with CK, 191 and 206 differentially expressed transcription factors were detected in 'Shandong white sesame' and 'Zhengtaizhi No.3' under high temperature treatment, respectively, among which 50 and 65 transcription factors were specifically expressed in 'Shandong White Sesame' and 'Zhengtaizhi No.3', respectively. The Venn diagram showed that a total of 141 transcription factors were differentially expressed in 2 varieties, of which 38 transcription factors were up-regulated and 103 transcription factors were down-regulated. In addition, 36 thermotolerant transcription factors were identified, among which MYB family had the largest number of transcription factors. Six key candidate genes in response to high temperature stress, such as SiMYB4, SibZIP41 and SiHsfB2b were screened by co-expression network analysis. The promoter region of the thermotolerant SiMYB4 contains multiple hormone and stress response elements. qRT-PCR results showed that SiMYB4 was induced to express under high temperature, drought, high salinity and ABA treatments. The expression of SiMYB4 reached the maximum at 48 h of high temperature and ABA treatment, which were 10.28 times and 10.80 times that of 0 h respectively, and the differences were significant. Under drought, high salt and MeJA treatments, the expression of SiMYB4 gene increased first and then decreased. This study provides theoretical basis and candidate genes for further exploring the molecular mechanism heat resistance in sesame.

Peach (Prunus persica) is a model species for genetic and genomic research within the Rosaceae family. China is the geographical origin of peach, and maintains the richest diversity of peach germplasm worldwide. Founder parents play a critical role in breeding programs, and their genome sequences offer basis insights into the genetic mechanisms underlying key horticultural traits. To investigate the basic genomicinformation of peach founder parents, over 1 000 pedigree records were analyzed, and the Japanese cultivar 'Okubo' and the American cultivar 'Legrand' were identified as key founder parents, with their generational relationships within breeding pedigree clarified. Combining assembly of sequenced reads from third-generation sequencing technology Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) with the second-generation sequencing technology Illumina, high-quality, chromosome-scale genome assemblies for 'Okubo' (Okubo v1.0; 238.19 Mb) and 'Legrand' (Legrand v1.0; 238.57 Mb) were generated by combining assembly of sequenced reads from third-generation sequencing technology Oxford Nanopore Technologies (ONT) with second-generation sequencing technology Illumina, with Contig N50 lengths of 9.95 and 14.97 Mb, with mapping back rates of 99.71% and 99.32%, and GC contents of 37.55% and 37.57%, respectively. The genome assembly quality assessment benchmarking universal single-copy orthologs (BUSCO) value was of 98.8%, the long-terminal-repeat assembly index (LAI) value was of 29.13 and 27.46, and the second-generation short read alignment rates was of 99.30% and 99.85% for 'Okubo' and 'Legrand', respectively. Through genomic repeat element annotation, 47.01% and 52.15% repetitive sequences were identified in Okubo v1.0 and Legrand v1.0, respectively, included retroelements (20.20% and 18.95%) and DNA transposons (11.73% and 11.75%). A total of 23 503 ('Okubo') and 22 062 ('Legrand') protein-coding genes were annotated based on integrated genomic annotation strategy of de novo prediction, homology-based methods, and transcriptome data evidence, among which 81.04% and 81.03% of genes were assigned by functional annotation. Comparative genomic analysis revealed 91.83% for 'Okubo' and 89.36% for 'Legrand' of collinearity between the reference Lovell v2.0 genome, and identified 20.71 and 16.36 Mb of divergent regions in 'Okubo' and 'Legrand', respectively, encompassing 2 319 and 1 493 genes enriched in functions related to binding, catalytic activity, and metabolic processe. This study identified peach founder parents through pedigree analysis, with 2 cultivars subjected to in-depth genome sequencing, high-quality genome assembly, gene annotation, and comparative genomic analysis against reference genomes. These efforts provide backbone genomes for peach pan-genomics research, facilitating genetic dissection and improvement of important agronomic traits while advancing comparative genomics within the Rosaceae family.

The homeodomain-leucine zipper (HD-Zip) protein is a specific transcription factor in plants, playing important regulatory roles in plant growth, development and environmental stress response. Moso bamboo (Phyllostachys edulis) grows rapidly and exhibits strong adaptability. It can cope with environmental stress and maintain normal growth and development under abiotic stress. In order to explore the expression pattern of the HD-Zip gene in moso bamboo under drought and salt stress, this study obtained the HD-Zip family member Pehox14 (GenBank No. PQ806999) gene from moso bamboo. Sequence analysis showed that the ORF length of the Pehox14 gene was 699 bp, encoding 232 amino acids, including 3 exons and 2 introns. The Pehox14 protein had a conserved Homeodomain domain and a special HALZ (Leucine Zipper) domain. Subcellular localization showed that Pehox14 was located in nucleus. By using qRT-PCR to analyze the expression patterns under drought and salt stress conditions, the results showed that the expression of Pehox14 gene was significantly upregulated under drought and salt stress. Transgenic Arabidopsis plants were generated by Agrobacterium infection. Analysis of abiotic stress indicated that when transgenic Arabidopsis plants were subjected to mannitol and NaCl treatment, their germination rate, survival rate and plant height were significantly higher than those of control, indicating that overexpression of Pehox14 could enhance the tolerance of transgenic Arabidopsis to drought and salt stress. In addition, under stress conditions of 200 mmol/L mannitol and 200 mmol/L NaCl, the expression of stress-related genes, such as AtRD29A (responsive to desiccation 29A), AtRD22 (responsive to desiccation 22), AtLEA (late embryogenesis abundant), AtSOS1 (salt overly sensitive 1), AtNHX1 (Na⁺/H⁺ exchanger 1) and AtHKT (high-affinity K⁺ transporter) was significantly upregulated in transgenic plants. Overall, Pehox14 plays a positive regulatory role in response to drought and salt stress. This study provides a theoretical basis for investigating the molecular regulation mechanism of HD-Zip transcription factors in stress resistance of moso bamboo.

Growth-regulating factors (GRFs) are plant-specific transcription factors that play an important role in regulating plant growth and development. Based on the genome sequence of Betula pendula, in this study, analyses on GRF gene family were conducted, including their identification, gene sequence characteristics, evolutionary relationships, cis-acting elements within promoters, expression patterns and protein interaction. The results revealed that there were 10 GRF genes in the genome of B. pendula, distributed across 6 chromosomes and belonged to 6 subgroups (Ⅰ~Ⅵ). The members within the same subgroup had similar gene structures and conserved motifs, and they were all regulated by miR396. Cis-acting element analysis showed that numerous regulatory elements related to growth, hormone response, and abiotic stress were located in the promoter regions of BpeGRF genes. Expression analysis indicated that most BpeGRFs genes had significantly higher expression levels in young tissues such as apical buds compared to mature tissues. Genes like BpeGRF1, BpeGRF3 and BpeGRF4 exhibited specific high expression in apical buds. Meanwhile, the expression of most BpeGRF genes showed an initial increase followed by a decrease under gibberellin (GA) treatment. Protein interaction prediction analysis showed that widespread interactions among 8 BpeGRFs with GRF-interacting factor (GIF) BpeGIF1 and BpeGIF3, and further bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) experiments confirmed a strong interaction between BpeGRF4 and BpeGIF1. This study lays an important foundation for further exploration of the functions of GRF genes in B. pendula.

WOX (WUSCHEL-related homeobox) is a plant-specific transcription factor family with important regulatory roles in plant growth and stress adaptation. Phalaenopsis equestris is a widely cultivated flower and of great economic importance in orchids. The identification and analysis of WOX family members is helpful to speculate its function in P. equestris development. Ten members of PeWOX family were characterized by bioinformatics analysis in this study, which were low hydrophilic proteins and most were localized in the nucleus. Phylogenetic analysis showed that PeWOX13A and PeWOX13B belonged to ancient clade, PeWOX9, PeWOX11, and PeWOX12 belonged to intermediate clade, and others belonged to modern clade. Members of 3 clades showed obvious differences in protein structure. Expression profiling of PeWOX genes by qRT-PCR revealed their tissue-specific expression, suggesting that they might have functionally differentiation and were responsible for different organ development. Promoter analysis and the response of PeWOX genes to hormones and stresses by qRT-PCR suggested that PeWOX members were involved in the hormonal and stress response pathways. Interaction protein analysis revealed interaction relationships between PeWOX proteins and other transcription factors, epigenetic modifiers, and kinases, indicating that PeWOXs might have complex regulatory mechanisms. This study provides valuable information for further exploration of PeWOX function.

Bisphenol A (BPA), an environmental estrogen analogue, is capable of inducing perturbations within the antioxidant system of sertoli cells (SCs), thereby giving rise to oxidative stress. Concurrently, SCs which serve as the pivotal cells responsible for nourishing and supporting spermatogenic cells, exhibit a high susceptibility to alterations in temperature. To explore whether heat stress exacerbates the occurrence of BPA-induced ferroptosis in SCs in Holstein cattle (Bos taurus), bovine testis SCs were divided into blank control group (Con), BPA treatment group (BPA), heat stress group (HS), BPA and heat stress treatment group (HS+BPA) in this study. Western blot and RT-qPCR methods were used to detect the proliferation and secretion factors of bovine testis SCs and the genes and proteins related to ferroptosis, the content of reactive oxygen species (ROS) and free iron and mitochondrial membrane potential was detected by fluorescent probe method, and the change of malondialdehyde (MDA) content was detected by colorimetric method. The results showed compared with the control group, HS+BPA group reduced the expression of glial cell-derived neurotrophic factor (GDNF), bone morphogenetic protein 4 (BMP4), C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12 (CXCL12) and proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), androgen-binding protein (ABP) related to proliferation and secretion of SCs. The expression of ferroptosis-related genes and proteins ferritin heavy chain 1 (FTH1), solute carrier family 7 member 11 (SLC7A11), glutathione peroxidase 4 (GPX4) were extremely significantly decreased (P<0.01). Meanwhile, the expression levels of prostaglandin-endoperoxide synthase 2 (PTGS2), acyl-coA synthetase long-chain family member 4 (ACSL4) and transferrin receptor (TFRC) in SCs of testis were extremely significantly increased (P<0.01) and the difference was significant compared with BPA group and HS group (P<0.05). Compared with the control group, the content of ROS, MDA and free iron in testicular SCs in the co-treatment group increased, while the content of GSH and the relative value of JC-1 staining decreased, and the difference was significant compared with the BPA group and HS group (P<0.05). These results indicated that 43 ℃ for 1 h increased the incidence of ferroptosis and decreased the expression of cell proliferation and secretory factors in Holstein bovine testis SCs after heat stress with 160 μmol/L BPA pretreated. This study provides research directions and fundamental materials for addressing the issue of reduced fertility in dairy cows during summer production.

The ovaries of sows (Sus scrofa) suffer oxidative stress can affect their reproductive performances. Lycopene (LYC), a natural carotenoid, has strong antioxidant properties and effectively alleviate oxidative damage in the body.The aim of this work was to investigate the protective effect of LYC against hydrogen peroxide (H₂O₂)-induced apoptosis and oxidative damage in porcine ovarian granulosa cells (PGCs). In this study, healthy and sexually mature porcine ovarian tissues were collected to isolate and culture PGCs, dividing the experiment into 3 groups: The control group, the H₂O₂ model group, and the LYC+H₂O₂ treatment group. Cell counting kit-8 (CCK-8) was used to detect cell viability to screen the optimal concentration of H₂O₂ damage and LYC treatment, and the kits were used to detect ROS and related antioxidant indexes. qRT-PCR was used to detect the mRNA expression levels of the genes related to cell apoptosis B cell lymphoma-2 (BCL-2), BCL-2-associated X protein (BAX), cysteinyl aspartate-specific proteinase-3 (CASP3), cell proliferation proliferating cell nuclear antigen (PCNA), insulin-like growth factor 2 (IGF2), antioxidant enzyme system catalase (CAT), manganese superoxide dismutase (MnSOD), copper-zinc superoxide dismutase (CuZnSOD), and steroid hormone biosynthesis steroidogenic acute regulatory protein (STAR), 3β-hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase 1 (HSD3B1), cytochrome P450 11A1 (CYP11A1), cytochrome P450arom (CYP19A1). Results indicated that 5 μmol/L LYC was most effective in promoting PGC viability, while 200 μmol/L H₂O₂ represented the IC₅₀ for PGCs. Compared to the control group, the H₂O₂ model group showed extremely significantly elevated intracellular ROS fluorescence, ROS levels, and malondialdehyde (MDA) content (P<0.01), alongside decreased levels of total superoxide dismutase (T-SOD), total antioxidant capacity (T-AOC), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px), and catalase (CAT) (P<0.05). The mRNA expression levels of BCL-2, PCNA, IGF2, CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, STAR, HSD3B1, CYP11A1and CYP19A1 were extremely significantly downregulated in the H?O? model group (P<0.01), while BAX, CASP3 were extremely significantly upregulated (P<0.01) compared with the control group. In the LYC + H?O? group, intracellular ROS fluorescence, ROS levels, and MDA content extremely significantly decreased compared to the H?O? model group (P<0.01), whereas cell viability, T-SOD, T-AOC, GSH-Px, and CAT levels extremely significantly increased (P<0.01). Additionally, LYC treatment significantly upregulated the mRNA expression of PCNA, IGF2, BCL-2, CuZnSOD, MnSOD, CAT, STAR, CYP11A1, and CYP19A1 (P<0.05) and significantly downregulated BAX and CASP3 (P<0.05) compared with the H₂O₂ model group. These results suggested that LYC had a protective effect on porcine ovarian granulosa cells by alleviating oxidative stress damage caused by H₂O₂. This study provides theoretical basis for the application of LYC in the swine industry.

The structure and abundance of intestinal microbial communities have important effects on the reproductive ability of animals. In order to explore the beneficial intestinal microorganisms that affect the semen quality of breeding cocks (Gallus gallus) , 16S rDNA sequencing was performed on the intestinal contents samples of Wenchang chickens in the high and low semen quality groups, and the biodiversity of intestinal flora and differences among different groups were analyzed. Meanwhile, hematoxylin-eosin (HE) and toluidine blue staining were used to observe the morphological differences of cecum tissues, and the correlation between cecum microorganisms and semen quality was analyzed. The results showed that: 1) Compared with other intestinal tract, cecum had the highest abundance of intestinal microorganisms, and the axial center was obviously separated between the high and low semen quality groups. The dominant bacteria at the phylum level were Bacteroidetes and Fimicutes, and the dominant bacteria at the genus level were Bacteroidetes. Six butyric acid-producing bacteria, such as Butyricicoccus and Rikenellaceae, were significantly enriched in the high semen quality group. 2) The results of HE and toluidine blue staining showed that the villous height and villous crypt ratio (V/C) of cecum in high semen quality group were significantly higher than that in low semen quality group (P<0.05), the thickness of muscular layer was extremely significantly lower than that in low semen quality group (P<0.01), and the number of mast cells was significantly lower than that in low semen quality group (P<0.05). 3) There were 8 species of bacteria such as Butyricicoccus and Butyricimonas in cecum that were positively correlated with semen quality, and 6 species of bacteria such as Coprobacillus and Bifidobacterium were negatively correlated with semen quality. Oscillospira was highly significantly positively correlated with intestinal villi; Butyricicoccus was negatively correlated with the thickness of intestinal muscle layer; Blautia was negatively correlated with the number of mast cells. In this study, it was found that the beneficial bacteria related to the semen quality of breeder cocks were mainly butyric acid bacteria, which provides reference for the feeding scheme of improving the intestinal health and reproductive ability of breeder cocks through beneficial bacteria in breeding.

Phosphatase and tensin homolog deleted on chromosome ten (PTEN) is the first tumor suppressor gene with bispecific phosphatase activity, which plays an important role in many signaling pathways. To clarify the regulatory role of PTEN in nuclear factor kappa-B (NF-κB), interferon (IFN) and activator protein-1 (AP-1) signaling pathways, which are closely related to the immune response in fish, in this study, the ORF region of PTEN gene was cloned from largemouth bass (Micropterus salmoides), the effects of pathogen-associated molecular patterns Nocardia seriolae, Largemouth bass virus (LMBV), Poly I:C challenge on PTEN gene expression in largemouth bass were detected by qPCR in vivo. To investigate the subcellular localization of PTEN, eukaryotic expression plasmid pCMV-Flag-PTEN was constructed, and the effect of PTEN overexpression on NF-κB, AP-1 and IFN promoter activation was investigated. Protein sequence analysis showed that PTEN encoded a 439-amino acid protein, including a PTPc domain and a PTEN_C2 domain. In the phylogenetic tree, the PTEN protein of largemouth bass was clustered with other fish. The results of qPCR showed that PTEN was widely expressed in many tissues, and highly expressed in spleen and gill. After LMBV and Poly I:C stimulation, the expression of PTEN decreased first and then increased or increased first and then decreased. The results of subcellular localization showed that PTEN was distributed in the cytoplasm and nucleus of HEK-293T cells. Double luciferase activity assay showed that overexpression of PTEN could enhance AP-1 activation and inhibit the activity of NF-κB and IFN promoter. These results suggested that PTEN played an important regulatory role in the innate immune response against bacteria and viruses by activating AP-1 and inhibiting NF-κB and IFN signaling pathways. This study provides basic data for the clarify of immune response mechanism of largemouth bass against disease, and provides theoretical basis for the development of antibacterial vaccine and the breeding of disease-resistant varieties (lines).

The declination of flesh quality has become a major concern in the cultivation of large yellow croaker (Larimichthys crocea).For investigating the critical roles of aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide transformylase/inosine monophosphate cyclohydrolase (ATIC) in inosine monophosphate (IMP) formation, the relevant CDS of Lcatic was cloned and characterized. The CDS of Lcatic was 1 776 bp and encoded a polypeptide of 591 amino acids, for which the molecular weight was estimated to be 64.08 kD, with 1 N-glycosylation site and 56 phosphorylation sites. The deduced protein, LcATIC, possesses methylglyoxal synthetase (MGS) and aminoimidazole carboxamide ribonucleotide formyltransferase (AICARFT))/IMP cyclohydrolase (IMPCHase) structural domains. The genomic DNA sequence of Lcatic is subdivided into 15 exons and 14 introns, exhibiting a genome organization similar to that of atic in other teleost fish. Phylogenetic analysis of the amino acid sequence revealed that LcATIC aligned most with the Collichthys lucidus ATIC, sharing the similarity of 99.5%, they gathered in one branch and then joined the teleost branch. Lcatic mRNA was found to be expressed at a high level in the liver tissue, expressed at intermediate levels in gill, brain, intestine, and muscle tissue, and expressed at a low level in the stomach tissue. With the increase of body weight, Lcatic expression in muscle tissues of L. crocea showed a gradually increasing trend, which was consistent with the trend of gradually increasing IMP content in these muscle tissues. The Spearman correlation analysis further showed that the Lcatic mRNA expression was positively correlated with IMP content in the muscles of different-sized L. crocea (P<0.05, rs=0.931). These results suggest the critical role of Lcatic in IMP synthesis and provide basis reference for the study of the regulation mechanism of Lcatic on flesh quality of large yellow croaker.

The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predominate the freshwater crayfish farming field in China. To investigate the genetic diversity of the first filial generation offspring (F₁) obtained from hybridization between close-distance breeding populations, the genetic diversity of 7 F₁ populations derived from incomplete diallel crosses involving 4 close-distance breeding populations of P. clarkii from Jinxian (JX), Yongxiu (YX), Poyang (PY), and Henghu (HH), were analyzed using 12 pairs of microsatellite markers. The results showed that the average number of alleles (Na) for the 7 F₁ populations ranged from 4.167 to 5.500, and the average effective number of alleles (Ne) ranged from 2.831 to 3.237. The average values of the Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 1.131 to 1.264, 0.507 to 0.607, 0.614 to 0.651, and 0.553 to 0.594, respectively, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation analysis showed that the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) among the F₁ populations ranged from 0.004 to 0.009, the number of migrants per generation (Nm) ranged from 29.037 to 70.305, the Nei's genetic distance among the F₁ populations ranged from 0.011 to 0.030, and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.971 to 0.989, indicating a low level of differentiation. The UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means) clustering diagram constructed based on Nei's standard genetic distance showed that the 7 F₁ populations were divided into 2 groups, with 5 F₁ populations clustered into 1 cluster, and the JX♀×YX♂ group clustered with the JX♀×PY♂ group firstly, and then with the YX♀×HH♂ group, the PY♀×HH♂ group, and YX♀×JX♂ in turn, with the PY♀×JX♂ population and the HH♀×YX♂ population forming another cluster. Genetic structure analysis indicated that the optimal number of genetic clusters was K=5, and the 7 hybrid F₁ populations exhibited similar and complex genetic backgrounds, with homogenization observed among them. This study provides valuable insights for diallel hybrid breeding and the utilization of hybrid offspring advantages in close-distance breeding populations of P. clarkii. and lays the foundation for the future development and utilization of high-quality germplasm resources of P. clarkii from the Poyang Lake water system.

The insulin-like androgenic gland hormone (IAG) gene plays an important role in sexual differentiation and growth in decapod crustaceans. To investigate the effects of recombinant plasmids containing IAG on the expression of endogenous genes (IAG) and growth-related genes myosin heavy chain(mhc) and growth arrest-specific protein (gasp) as well as secondary sexual characteristics in Procambarus clarkii. This study involved injecting different doses (0.5, 1.0 and 3.0 μg/g) of IAG recombinant plasmids into the muscle of healthy minor female P. clarkii weighing between 6.5~16.5 g. The weight, abdominal development, and expression of genes IAG, mhc, and gasp in the tissues of the experimental shrimp were monitored at 1, 7, 14, and 28 d, respectively. The results showed that compared with the control group, the copy number of plasmids in the experimental group was positively correlated with the concentration of injection. The copy number in each tissue showed a distribution pattern of muscle>gonads>appendages>hepatopancreas. The degree of plasmid digestion was the highest between 3 and 7 d, and at 28 d, the plasmid was almost completely digested. After 1 d of injection, the expression of mhc in muscles significantly increased at injection concentrations of 1.0 and 3.0 μg/g (P<0.05), and body weight gain was also significantly higher than that of the control group (P<0.05). Within 28 d after injection, female crayfish with an injection concentration of 3.0 μg/g had the fastest ovarian development, while the control group had the slowest development. No masculinization was observed in the abdomen of all female shrimps. Before the mass digestion of plasmids, the expression levels of IAG in the gonads and gasp in the muscles of the experimental group were lower than those in the control group, and their expression was inhibited. The results showed that the injection of IAG recombinant plasmid had certain effects on ovarian development and expression of IAG, mhc, gasp. This study provides reference for research on IAG function and gender control.

Antagonistic endophytic bacteria play an important role in the biological control of potato scab disease. Using healthy tubers of disease resistant potato (Solanum tuberosum) varieties ('Yunshu 304', 'Zhongshu 43', 'Zhongshu 566') as test materials and Streptomyces galilaeus as target bacteria, antagonistic bacteria were screened and identified using methods such as plate confrontation, Oxford cup method, strain morphology, physiological and biochemical characteristics, and bacterial 16S rRNA gene and gyrB gene sequencing. Their growth characteristics were analyzed and environmental adaptability was evaluated. The effectiveness of antagonistic bacteria in preventing potato scab disease was verified through pot experiments, in order to obtain efficient biocontrol strains for potato scab disease prevention and control. The results indicated that 3 strains YS304, ZS43 and ZS567 with significant antagonistic effect against pathogenic bacteria were obtained, The average diameters of bacteriostatic zones of primary and secondary screening were 18.71 and 31.57 mm, Gram staining of the strains was positive, It was identified as Bacillus velezensis combined with physiological and biochemical characteristics and 16S rRNA, gryB gene sequence analysis. The 3 strains still maintained certain antibacterial activity under pH 3~13 and 40~80 ℃, It was insensitive to common bactericides such as pentachloronitrobenzene, enoylmorpholine, mancozeb and haloperidine. In pot experiment of potato scab, the relative control effects were 60.84%, 69.15% and 75.76% respectively. The strains YS304, ZS43 and ZS567 have good biological control effects, strong environmental adaptability and stability, they can be used as a candidate strain to control potato scab.

Psathyrostachys huashanica (2n=2x=14, NsNs) is one of the wild relatives of wheat (Triticum aesivum). It has excellent characteristics such as resistance to various wheat diseases, cold and drought tolerance, high quality and early maturity. It has important utilization value for broadening the genetic basis of wheat and creating new germplasm. This article focuses on the wheat-P. huashanica chromosome introgression lines; summarizes the various types of wheat-P. huashanica derived lines that have been created in recent years; and summarizes the common identification methods of P. huashanica chromosome homologous groups in wheat background. The Oligo probes applicable in the fluorescence in situ hybridization experiments were listed, and the available expressed sequences tags-sequencetagged sites (EST-STS), simple sequence repeats (SSR), sequence characterized amplified region (SCAR), PCR-based landmark unique gene (PLUG), and kompetitive allele-specific PCR (KASP) molecular markers were sorted out according to the homologous groups. In addition, the effects of genetic material introgression of P. huashanica on the resistance of receptor wheat to powdery mildew, stripe rust, take-all and other diseases, as well as agronomic traits such as plant height, 1 000-grain weight and tiller number were analyzed. Finally, the application of P. huashanica in wheat breeding was prospected, in order to provide reference for the application of P. huashanica in wheat genetic breeding.

Epigenetic modification plays an important role in a series of reproductive developments such as spermatogenesis, oogenesis, early embryonic development, embryo implantation, and stem cells. Histone lactylation, as a newly discovered epigenetic modification that links cellular metabolism with epigenetic regulation, is gradually deepening the study of its mechanism of action in animal reproductive development. In this paper, the latest research progress on histone lactylation were summarized, focusing on the close relationship between histone lactylation and other apparent modifications, the writer, reader and eraser of histone lactylation modifications, and the role of histone lactylation in animal reproductive development. This paper systematically reviewed the research progress of histone lactylation modification in animal repro-ductive development, provides a theoretical basis for a deeper understanding of the molecular regulatory mechanisms of reproductive development.

Mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) is an evolutionarily conserved serine/threonine protein kinase with important regulatory roles in cell growth and many biosynthetic and catabolic processes, especially in mammary casein synthesis. mTOR signaling pathway plays a key role in determining milk yield and quality. Amino acids can be used as signaling molecules to promote the phosphorylation of the mTOR signaling pathway and regulate the synthesis of milk proteins in mammary epithelial cells of dairy cows (Bos taurus). This paper focuses on the structure and function of the mTOR signaling pathway in mammary cells, and reveals the amino acid sensing system of mTOR signaling in the regulation of milk protein synthesis in the light of the progress of related research, with a view to providing reference for further optimizing the amino acid nutrition of dairy cows, improving the efficiency of amino acid utilization, and then improving the yield and quality of cow milk.