1 Hebei Key Laboratory of Agroecological Safety, Hebei University of Environmental Engineering, Qinhuangdao 066102, China; 2 Changli Institute of Pomology, Hebei Academy of Agriculture and Forestry Sciences, Changli 066600, China; 3 Qimei Industrial Group Co., Ltd., Handan, 057150 China
Abstract Organic cultivation can improve soil fertility and biodiversity by protecting soil organic matter. Greenhouse cultivation can artificially control the growing environment of plants and protect crops from outdoor disturbances such as pests and diseases, extreme weather conditions and pesticide drift. In this study, two different land use methods (solar greenhouse and open field vegetable cultivation)(0~15) cm top soil and (15~30) cm deep soil were used as research objects, and Illumina sequencing was utilized to analyze the variations in soil microbial community structure. Key soil environmental factors affecting fungal community structure were identified through dbRDA analysis. Meantime, FUNGuild was used to analyze the response of soil fungal function to solar greenhouse cultivation.The results showed that organic cultivation in greenhouse significantly reduced (P<0.05) the richness and diversity of topsoil fungal communities. The dominant fungi of different land-use mode were Ascomycota, Glomeromycota and Basidiomycota. Although there was no change in the species of dominant fungi in the soil due to different land-use modes, their relative abundance was significantly influenced. Solar greenhouse cultivation increased the number and abundance of beneficial fungi such as Chaetomium, Mortierella, Orbilia, Acaurospora, and inhibited the growth of plant pathogenic fungus Fusarium in the surface soil. LEfSe analysis showed that 22 and 21 different species were detected in greenhouse and open soil, respectively. The Mortierellomycota, Rozellomycota, and Chaetomium, Mortierella, and Humicola fungal genera in greenhouse soil showed significant differences in microbial communities. Fusarium, Stachybotry, and Cephaliophora played a dominant role in the open field cultivation. dbRDA analysis showed that total potassium (TK), soil organic matter (SOM), pH, total nitrogen (TN) and total phosphorus (TP) were the environmental factors that significantly affected the soil fungal community in solar greenhouse. FunGuild function analysis showed that the most advantageous nutrient type in greenhouse soil was Saprotroph, while in open feiled was Pathotroph-Saprotroph.Thus, greenhouse organic vegetable cultivation could significantly affect the fungal community structure, improve the abundance of beneficial fungi in soil and reduce the content of pathogenic fungi, and adaptation of changes in fungal ecological functions to environmental influences caused by different land-use patterns. This study revealed the effect of vegetable cultivation in solar greenhouse on the structure and function of soil fungal community under long-term organic cultivation mode, and will provide theoretical basis for the composition of soil fungal community and long-term organic cultivation under greenhouse conditions.
ZENG Guang-Juan,WANG Han,ZHAO Mei-Wei, et al. Study on the Diversity of Soil Fungi in Vegetable Cultivation in Solar Greenhouse Under Long-term Organic Planting[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2024, 32(3): 641-654.
[1] 鲍士旦. 2008. 土壤农化分析[M]. 第3版. 北京: 中国农业出版社, pp: 25-110. (Bao S D.2008. Soil agrochemical analysis[M]. The 3rd Edition. China Agricultural Press, Beijing, China. pp: 25-110.) [2] 陈海生, 刘守平, 梁国钱. 2021. 水旱轮作对滩涂绿花椰菜根际土壤真菌群落结构的影响[J]. 菌物学报, 40(9): 2254-2265. (Chen H S, Liu S P, Liang G Q.2021. Effects of paddy rice-upland crop rotation on fungal community structure and diversity in the rhizosphere of Brassica oleracea var. italica[J]. Mycosystema, 40(9): 2254-2265.) [3] 房玉林, 王琴, 罗宇晨, 等. 2013. 两种栽培模式下'户太八号'葡萄果实品质特性及耐贮性比较[J]. 北方园艺, (10): 15-18. (Fang Y L,Wang Q, Luo Y C, et al. 2013. Comparison of fruit quality characteristics and storage tolerance of 'Hutai 8' grape under two cultivation modes[J]. Northern Horticulture, (10): 15-18.) [4] 关爱民, 石延霞, 杨生玉, 等. 2005. 瓜枝孢(Cladosporium cucumernium)弱致病菌特性初步研究[J]. 植物病理学报, (S1): 196-199. (Guan A M, Shi Y X, Yang S Y, et al. 2005. Preliminary study on the characteristics of weak pathogenic bacteria of Cladosporium cucumernium[J]. Acta Phytopathologica Sinica, (S1): 196-199.) [5] 何玉梅, 张仁陟, 张丽华, 等. 2007. 不同耕作措施对土壤真菌群落结构与生态特征的影响[J]. 生态学报, 27(1):113-119. (He Y M, Zhang R Z, Zhang L H, et al.2007. Effects of different tillage practices on fungi community structure and ecologic characteristics in loess soils[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 27(1): 113-119.) [6] 黄标, 胡文友, 虞云龙, 等. 2015. 我国设施蔬菜产地土壤环境质量问题及管理对策[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 30(Z1): 194-202. (Huang B, Hu W Y, Yu Y L, et al.2015. Problems of soil environmental quality and their management strategies in greenhouse vegetable production of China[J]. Bulletin of the Chinese Academy of Sciences, 30(Z1): 194-202.) [7] 季凌飞, 倪康, 马立锋, 等. 2018. 不同施肥方式对酸性茶园土壤真菌群落的影响[J]. 生态学报, 38(22): 1-8. (Ji L F, Ni K, Ma L F, et al.2018. Effect of different fertilizer regimes on the fungal community of acidic tea-garden soil[J]. Acta Ecologica Sinica, 38(22): 1-8.) [8] 李杰, 祝凌, 仝利红, 等. 2019. 有机种植对温室土壤肥力质量的影响[J]. 土壤, 51(4): 690-697. (Li J, Zhu L, Tong L H, et al.2019. Effect of organic planting on soil fertility quality in greenhouse[J]. Soils, 51(4): 690-697.) [9] 李锐, 刘瑜, 褚贵新. 2015. 不同种植方式对绿洲农田土壤酶活性与微生物多样性的影响[J]. 应用生态学报, 26(2): 490-496. (Li R, Liu Y, Chu G X.2015. Effects of different cropping patterns on soil enzyme activities and soil microbial community diversity in oasis farmland[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 26(2): 490-496.) [10] 李杨, 敖静, 孙玉禄, 等. 2022. 温室黄瓜连作土壤真菌多样性变化分析[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, 2: 34-41. (Li Y, Ao J, Sun Y L, et al.2022. Analysis of fungal community structure and function changes in soil of cucumber continuous cropping in greenhouse[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, 2: 34-41.) [11] 李玉娇, 刘星, 吴大付, 等. 2020. 温室黄瓜连作对土壤真菌数量和群落结构的影响[J]. 华北农学报, 35(1): 194-204. (Li Y J, Liu X, Wu D F, et al.2020. Effects of continuous cropping of greenhouse cucumber on soil fungal abundance and community structure province[J]. Acta Agriculturae Boreali-Sinica, 35(1): 194-204.) [12] 梁丽娜, 李季, 杨合法, 等. 2009. 不同蔬菜生产模式对日光温室土壤质量的影响[J]. 农业工程学报, 25(8): 186-191. (Liang L N, Li J, Yang H F, et al.2009. Effect of organic, low-input and conventional production model on soil quality in solar greenhouse vegetable growing system[J]. Transactions of the CSAE, 25(8): 186-191.) [13] 毛竞. 2009. 温室二大棚和露地气候生态因子对番茄生长发育及品质的影响研究[D]. 硕士学位论文, 湖南农业大学, 导师: 李巧云, pp: 2-6. (Mao J.2009. Study on the influence of climate ecological factor in greenhouse、plastic tents and open ground on thegrowing developing and quality of tomato[D]. Thesis for M.S., Hunan Agricultural University, Supervisor: Li Q Y, pp: 2-6. [14] 聂三安, 王祎, 雷秀美, 等. 2018. 黄泥田土壤真菌群落结构和功能类群组成对施肥的响应[J]. 应用生态学报, 29(8): 2721-2729. (Nie S A, Wang W, Lei X M, et al.2018. Response of fungal community structure and functional group to fertilization in yellow clayey soil[J]. Chinese Journal of Applied Ecology, 29(8): 2721-2729.) [15] 宁琪, 陈林, 李芳, 等. 2022. 被孢霉对土壤养分有效性和秸秆降解的影响[J]. 土壤学报, 59(1): 206-217. (Ning Q, Chen L, Li F, et al.2020. Effects of Mortierella on nutrient availability and straw decomposition in soil[J]. Acta Pedologica Sinica, 59(1): 206-217.) [16] 彭红丽, 谭海霞, 王颖, 等. 2022. 不同种植模式下土壤重金属形态分布差异与生态风险评价[J]. 生态环境学报, 31(6): 1235-1243. (Peng H L, Tan H X, Wang Y.2022. The discrepancy of heavy metals morphological distribution in soil andits associated ecological risk evaluation under different planting patterns[J]. Ecology and Environmental Sciences, 31(6): 1235-1243.) [17] 邵元元. 2018. 中国西部4省区及美国乔治亚州圆盘菌科真菌分类研究[D].博士学位论文, 广西大学, 导师: 刘斌. pp: 1-14. (Shao Y Y.2018. Study on taxonomy of orbiliaceae in four provinces of western China and state of Georgia in the USA[D]. Thesis for ph. D., Guangxi University, Supervisor, Liu B, pp: 1-14.) [18] 仝利红, 蒋珊, 祝凌, 等. 2020. 有机种植对温室土壤有机碳库和酶活性的影响[J]. 中国土壤与肥料, (6): 75-82. (Tong L H, Jiang S, Zhu L, et al. 2020. Effects of organic planting on soil carbon pool and enzyme activity in greenhouse[J]. Soil and Fertilizer Sciences in China, (6):75-82.) [19] 万小琪, 窦维卉, 杨雪, 等. 2022. 不同农艺型措施对温室黄瓜连作土壤的改良效果[J]. 江苏农业科学, 50(23): 228-234. (Wan X Q, Dou W H, Yang X, et al.2022. Effect of different agronomic measures on soil improvement of cucumber continuous cropping in greenhouse[J].Jiangsu Agricultural Sciences, 50(23): 228-234. [20] 吴晓春, 肖桂荣. 2020. 中国沿海地区镰刀菌属口岸截获时空分布格局分析[J]. 生态科学, 39(4): 175-183. (Wu X C, Xiao G R.2020. Spatio-temporal distribution patterns of Fusarium interception in coastal areas of China[J]. Ecological Science, 39(4): 175-183.) [21] 肖礼, 黄懿梅, 赵俊峰, 等. 2017. 土壤真菌组成对黄土高原梯田种植类型的响应[J]. 中国环境科学, 37(8): 3151-3158. (Xiao L, Huang Y M, Zhao J F, et al.2017. High-throughput sequencing revealed soil fungal communities under three terrace agrotypes on the loess plateau[J]. China Environmental Science, 37(8): 3151-3158.) [22] 杨金燕, 姜于兰, 杨亚曦, 等. 2015. 腐质霉属真菌分类的研究进展[J]. 贵州农业科学, 43(8): 126-130. (Yang J Y, Jiang Y L, Yang Y X, et al.2015. Advance in taxonomy of Humicola genera[J]. Gui Zhou Agricultural Sciences,43(8): 126-130.) [23] 翟妮平, 李光宇, 徐超, 等. 2019. 河南山坡土壤中三种葡萄穗霉科真菌鉴定[J]. 土壤通报, 4: 878-884. (Zhai N P, Li G Y, Xu C, et al.2019. Identification of three species of Stachybotryaceae in the soil of mountain slope in Henan[J].C hinese Journal of Soil Science, 4: 878-884.) [24] 曾广娟, 冯阳, 吴舒, 等. 2022. 基于高通量测序的有机种植蔬菜地土壤微生物多样性分析[J]. 南方农业学报, 53(9): 2403-2414. (Zeng G J, Feng Y, Wu S, et al.2022. Soil microbial diversity analysis in organic vegetable field based on high-throughput sequencing[J]. Journal of Southern Agriculture, 53(9): 2403-2414.) [25] Ajay N, Mathieu N.2012. Soil microbial biomass, functional microbial diversity, and nematode community structure as affected by cover crops and compost in an organic vegetable production system[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 58: 45-55. [26] Allison S D, Hanson C A, Treseder K K.2007. Nitrogen fertilization reduces diversity and alters community structure of active fungi in boreal ecosystems[J]. Soil Biology & Biochemistry, 39: 1878-1887. [27] Anthony M A, Frey S D, Stinson K A.2017. Fungal community homogenization, shift in dominant trophic guild, and appearance of novel taxa with biotic invasion[J]. Ecosphere, 8(9): 1-17. [28] Bagyaraj D J, Ashwin R.2017. Soil biodiversity: Role in sustainable horticulture[J]. Biodiversity in Horticultural Crops, 5: 1-18. [29] Banerjee S, Walder F, Büchi L, et al.2019. Agricultural intensification reduces microbial network complexity and the abundance of keystone taxa in roots[J]. The ISME Journal, 13: 1722-1736. [30] Beimforde C, Feldberg K,?Nylinder S, et al.2014. Estimating the phanerozoic history of the Ascomycota lineages:Combining fossil and molecular data[J]. Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution, 78: 386-398. [31] Cao Q, Zhang W, Li L, et al.2012. Distribution and accumulation characteristics of nutrients in solar greenhouse soil in Ji'nan, Shandong Province of East China[J]. Ying Yong Sheng Tai Xue Bao, 23: 115-124. [32] Chen X L, Zhang D L, Li X Y, et al.2022. Effect of vegetable residues incorporation on soil fertility, rhizosphere microbial community structure, and plant growth of continuously cropped cucumber in a solar greenhouse[J]. Annals of Microbiology, 72(1): 1-14. [33] Chen Y, Huang B A, Hu W Y, et al.2014. Accumulation and ecological effects of soil heavy metals in conventional and organic greenhouse vegetable production systems in Nanjing, China[J]. 71(8): 3605-3616. [34] Ding G C, Bai M H, Han H, et al.2019. Microbial taxonomic, nitrogen cycling, and phosphorus recycling community composition during long-term organic greenhouse farming[J]. FEMS Microbiology Ecology, 95(5): fiz042 [35] Fang X L, Zhang C X, Wang G Z, et al.2021. Co-infection by soil-borne fungal pathogens alters disease responses among diverse alfalfa varieties[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12: 1-15. [36] Foley J A, Defries R, Asner G P, et al.2005. Global consequences of land use[J]. Science, 309: 570-574. [37] Frac M,?Hannula S E, Beika M, et al.2018. Fungal biodiversity and their role in soil health[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9: 707. [38] Gao Y H, Lu X H, Guo R J, et al.2021. Responses of soil abiotic properties and microbial community structure to 25-year cucumber monoculture in commercial greenhouses[J]. Agriculture, 11: 1-13. [39] Hu W, Huang B, Tian K, et al.2017. Heavy metals in intensive greenhouse vegetable production systems along Yellow Sea of China: Levels, transfer and health risk[J]. Chemosphere, 167: 82-90 [40] Iqbal A, Ali I, Yuan P L,et al.?2022. Combined application of manure and chemical fertilizers alters soil environmental variables and improves soil fungal community composition and rice grain yield[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 1-17. [41] Jumpponen A, Jones K L, Blair J.2010. Vertical distribution of fungal communities in tallgrass prairie soil[J]. Mycologia, 102: 1027-1041. [42] Kanse O S, Whitelaw-Weckert M, Kadam T A, et al.2015. Phosphate solubilization by stress-tolerant soil fungus Talaromyces funiculosus SLS8 isolated from the Neem rhizosphere[J]. Annals of Microbiology, 65(1): 85-93. [43] Li B H,Wang C C, Dong X L, et al.2014. Acremonium brown spot, a new disease caused by Acremonium sclerotigenum on bagged apple fruit in China[J]. Plant Disease, 98(7): 1012. [44] Li Y, Xu L.2007. An improvement for unweighted pair group method with arithmetic mean and its application[J]. Journal of Beijing University of Technology, 33(12): 1333-1339. [45] Linkies A, Jacob S, Zink P, et al.2021. Characterization of cultural traits and fungicidal activity of strains belonging to the fungal genus Chaetomium[J]. Journal of Applied Microbiology, 131(1): 375-391. [46] Liu X, Zhang J, Gu T, et al.2014. Microbial community diversities and taxa abundances in soils along a seven year gradient of potato monoculture using high throughput pyrosequencing approach[J]. PLOS ONE, 9(1): e86610. [47] Matson P A, Parton W J, Power A G, et al.1997. Agricultural intensification and ecosystem properties[J]. Science, 277: 504-509. [48] McGuire K L, Fierer N, Bateman C, et al.2012. Fungal community composition in neotropical rain forests: The influence of tree diversity and precipitation[J]. Microbial Ecology, 63(4): 804-812. [49] Ramirez K S, Craine J M, Fierer N.2012. Consistent effects of nitrogen amendments on soil microbial communities and processes across biomes[J]. Global Change Biology,18: 1918-1927. [50] Robertson G P, Paul E A, Harwood R R.2000. Greenhouse gases in intensive agriculture: Energy and environmental issues in organic and conventional agriculture[J]. Critical Reviews in Plant Sciences, 27: 239-254. [51] Shen W S, Lin X G, Gao N, et al.2008. Land use intensification affects soil microbial populations,functional diversity and related suppressiveness of cucumber Fusarium wilt in China's Yangtze River Delta[J]. Plant and Soil,306: 117-127. [52] Su Y, Zi H Y, Wei X M, et al.2022. Application of manure rather than plant-origin organic fertilizers alters the fungal community in continuous cropping tobacco soil[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 1-10. [53] Sun J T, Pan L L, Li Z H, et al.2018. Comparison of greenhouse and open field cultivations across China: Soil characteristics, contamination and microbial diversity[J]. Environmental Pollution, 243: 1509-1516. [54] Tauro T P, Mtambanengwe F, Mpepereki S, et al.2021. Soil fungal community structure and seasonal diversity following application of organic amendments of different quality under maize cropping in Zimbabwe[J]. PLOS ONE, 16(10): e0258227. [55] Tian T, Chen Z Q, Tian Y Q, et al.2017. Microbial diversity in solar greenhouse soils in Round-Bohai Bay-Region, China: The influence of cultivation year and environmental condition[J]. Environmental Science and Pollution Research, 24(29): 23236-23249. [56] Verma M, Brar S K, Tyagi R D, et al.2007. Antagonistic fungi, Trichoderma spp. :Panoply of biological control[J]. Biochemical Engineering Journal, 37(1): 1-20. [57] Wang J, Rhodes G, Huang Q, et al.2018. Plant growth stages and fertilization regimes drive soil fungal community compositions in a wheat-rice rotation system[J]. Biology and Fertility of Soils, 54(6): 731-742. [58] Wang S, Bian T, Wu T, et al.2022. Co-analysis of cucumber rhizosphere metabolites and microbial PLFAs under excessive fertilization in solar greenhouse[J]. Frontiers in Microbiology, 13: 1004836 [59] Wang Z T, Chen Q, Liu L, et al.2016. Responses of soil fungi to 5-year conservation tillage treatments in the drylands of northern China[J]. Applied Soil Ecology, 101: 132-140. [60] Xu J, Liu S J, Song S R, et al.2018. Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi influence decomposition and the associated soil microbial community under different soil phosphorus availability[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 120: 181-190. [61] Xu L, Ravnskov S,?Larsen J, et al.2012. Soil fungal community structure along a soil health gradient in pea fields examined using deep amplicon sequencing[J]. Soil Biology and Biochemistry, 46: 26-32. [62] Xue M D, Guo Z Y, Gu X Y, et al.2020. Rare rather than abundant microbial communities drive the effects of long-term greenhouse cultivation on ecosystem functions in subtropical agricultural soils[J]. Science of The Total Environment, 76(c): 136004 [63] Yun C X, Yan C G, Xue Y H, et al.2021. Effects of exogenous microbial agents on soil nutrient and microbial community composition in greenhouse-derived vegetable straw composts[J]. Sustainability, 13(5): 1-15. [64] Zeilinger S, Gupta V K, Dahms T E Set al.2016. Friends or foes? Emerging insights from fungal interactions with plants[J]. FEMS Microbiology Reviews, 40(2): 182-207. [65] Zhang X M, Li J L, Ling B.2021. Soil fungal community structure changes in response to different long-term fertilization treatments in a greenhouse tomato monocropping system[J]. Phyton, 90(4): 1233-1246. [66] Zhou J, Gu B, Schlesinger W, et al.2016. Significant accumulation of nitrate in Chinese semi-humid croplands[J]. Scientific Reports, 6: 1-8. [67] Zhou X G, Wu F Z.2021. Land-use conversion from open field to greenhouse cultivation differently affected the diversities and assembly processes of soil abundant and rare fungal communities[J]. Science of the Total Environment, 788: 1-12.
