克氏原螯虾7个杂交F<sub>1</sub>群体遗传多样性及结构分析

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2025.07.014

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摘要克氏原螯虾(Procambarus clarkii)在中国淡水养殖虾类中占据重要地位。为探明近距离养殖群体间杂交获得的克氏原螯虾子一代的遗传多样性情况,利用12对微卫星标记对进贤(JX)、永修(YX)、鄱阳(PY)和恒湖(HH) 4个克氏原螯虾近距离养殖群体进行不完全双列杂交得到的7个F₁群体的遗传多样性进行了分析,结果显示,7个F₁群体的等位基因数(number of alleles, Na)均值介于4.167~5.500,有效等位基因数(number of effective alleles, Ne)均值介于2.831~3.237,香农指数(Shannon's information index, I)、观测杂合度(observed heterozygosity, Ho)、期望杂合度(expected heterozygosity, He)和多态信息含量(polymorphism information content, PIC)均值范围分别为1.131~1.264、0.507~0.607、0.614~0.651和0.553~0.594,表现为高度遗传多样性。在遗传分化分析中,F₁群体间的遗传分化系数(genetic differentiation coefficient, Fst)范围为0.004~0.009,基因流(number of migrants per generation, Nm)范围为29.037~70.305,Nei's标准遗传距离范围为0.011~0.030,遗传相似指数范围为0.971~0.989,分化程度处于较低水平。基于Nei's标准遗传距离构建的非加权组平均法 (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means, UPGMA)聚类图显示,7个F₁群体可分为2个类群,其中JX♀×YX♂群体与JX♀×PY♂群体首先聚类,接着与YX♀×HH♂群体、PY♀×HH♂群体以及YX♀×JX♂群体依次聚为一支,其次PY♀×JX♂群体和HH♀×YX♂群体聚为另一支。在遗传结构分析中,最佳遗传聚类组数为K=5,7个F₁群体具有相似且复杂的遗传背景,存在同质化现象。本研究为克氏原螯虾近距离养殖群体的双列杂交育种与杂交子一代优势利用提供参考,并为今后开发利用鄱阳湖水系优质的克氏原螯虾种质资源奠定了基础。

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	申恒睿
	张爱芳
	王齐帅
	周智勇
	刘云龙
	徐先栋
	王静宇
	钟可儿
	李艳和
	黄江峰

关键词 ：克氏原螯虾, 双列杂交, SSR标记, 遗传多样性, 遗传结构

Abstract：The red swamp crayfish (Procambarus clarkii) predominate the freshwater crayfish farming field in China. To investigate the genetic diversity of the first filial generation offspring (F₁) obtained from hybridization between close-distance breeding populations, the genetic diversity of 7 F₁ populations derived from incomplete diallel crosses involving 4 close-distance breeding populations of P. clarkii from Jinxian (JX), Yongxiu (YX), Poyang (PY), and Henghu (HH), were analyzed using 12 pairs of microsatellite markers. The results showed that the average number of alleles (Na) for the 7 F₁ populations ranged from 4.167 to 5.500, and the average effective number of alleles (Ne) ranged from 2.831 to 3.237. The average values of the Shannon's information index (I), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He), and polymorphic information content (PIC) ranged from 1.131 to 1.264, 0.507 to 0.607, 0.614 to 0.651, and 0.553 to 0.594, respectively, indicating a high level of genetic diversity. Genetic differentiation analysis showed that the genetic differentiation coefficient (Fst) among the F₁ populations ranged from 0.004 to 0.009, the number of migrants per generation (Nm) ranged from 29.037 to 70.305, the Nei's genetic distance among the F₁ populations ranged from 0.011 to 0.030, and the genetic similarity coefficient ranged from 0.971 to 0.989, indicating a low level of differentiation. The UPGMA (unweighted pair-group method with arithmetic means) clustering diagram constructed based on Nei's standard genetic distance showed that the 7 F₁ populations were divided into 2 groups, with 5 F₁ populations clustered into 1 cluster, and the JX♀×YX♂ group clustered with the JX♀×PY♂ group firstly, and then with the YX♀×HH♂ group, the PY♀×HH♂ group, and YX♀×JX♂ in turn, with the PY♀×JX♂ population and the HH♀×YX♂ population forming another cluster. Genetic structure analysis indicated that the optimal number of genetic clusters was K=5, and the 7 hybrid F₁ populations exhibited similar and complex genetic backgrounds, with homogenization observed among them. This study provides valuable insights for diallel hybrid breeding and the utilization of hybrid offspring advantages in close-distance breeding populations of P. clarkii. and lays the foundation for the future development and utilization of high-quality germplasm resources of P. clarkii from the Poyang Lake water system.

Key words： Procambarus clarkii Diallel cross SSR markers Genetic diversity Genetic structure

收稿日期: 2024-12-05

中图分类号： S966.12

基金资助:江西省渔业种业联合育种攻关项目(2023yyzygg-07)

通讯作者: ^*hjf1992006@163.com

引用本文:

申恒睿, 张爱芳, 王齐帅, 周智勇, 刘云龙, 徐先栋, 王静宇, 钟可儿, 李艳和, 黄江峰. 克氏原螯虾7个杂交F₁群体遗传多样性及结构分析[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2025, 33(7): 1580-1588.
SHEN Heng-Rui, ZHANG Ai-Fang, WANG Qi-Shuai, ZHOU Zhi-Yong, LIU Yun-Long, XU Xian-Dong, WANG Jing-Yu, ZHONG Ke-Er, LI Yan-He, HUANG Jiang-Feng. Genetic Diversity and Structure Analysis of Seven F₁ Hybrid Population of Procambarus clarkii. 农业生物技术学报, 2025, 33(7): 1580-1588.

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https://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2025.07.014 或 https://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2025/V33/I7/1580

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