Abstract：Hyperlipidemia is a group of blood lipid disorders caused by dyslipidemia, which seriously endangers human health. Sterols possess multiple important physiological activities, such as lipid-lowering, anticancer, and antioxidant effects. To enhance the sterol yield from the liquid fermentation of Pleurotus tuber-regium, this study optimized the culture medium formulation using single-factor experiments and response surface methodology. The lipid-lowering activity of the sterol extract was evaluated through bile salt binding capacity assays and a high-lipid human hepatoblastoma G2 (HepG2) cell model. The results showed that the optimal medium consisted of fructose 52.51 g/L, corn protein 3.14 g/L, and MgSO4 0.14 g/L. Under this formulation, the sterol yield reached 362.25 mg/L, representing a 105.70% increase compared to that before optimization. The 2.0 mg/mL sterol extract exhibited significantly higher binding rates to sodium cholate, sodium taurocholate, sodium glycocholate, and mixed bile salts compared to the 1.0 mg/mL extract (P<0.05), corresponding to 86.21%, 86.05%, 89.76%, and 87.56% of the positive control cholestyramine, respectively. Treatment with 5.0 μg/mL extract reduced total cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol levels in HepG2 high-lipid cells by 26.95%, 71.42%, and 38.40%, respectively. The expression of lipid decomposition and transport genes CPT1, PPARα, and ABCG5 was upregulated by 437.30%, 235.85%, and 71.79%, respectively. In contrast, the expression of lipid synthesis and absorption genes SREBP2, NPC1L1, and ACAT2 was downregulated by 36.32%, 33.10%, and 17.53%, respectively. The expression of the rate-limiting enzymes in cholesterol synthesis, HMGCS1 and HMGCR, was downregulated by 47.31% and 20.80%, respectively. In summary, the sterol extract from P. tuber-regium not only demonstrated strong bile salt binding capacity, effectively interfering with cholesterol absorption, but also significantly modulated the expression of lipid metabolism-related genes through multiple targets, exhibiting considerable lipid-lowering activity. The findings provide a scientific basis for the development of lipid-lowering products derived from P. tuber-regium.
胡轩, 胡斐文, 王丹, 王超, 尹良鸿, 林海萍. 菌核侧耳高产甾醇液态发酵培养基优化及降脂活性评价[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2026, 34(9): 1961-1975.
HU Xuan, HU Fei-Wen, WANG Dan, WANG Chao, YIN Liang-Hong, LIN Hai-Ping. Optimization of Liquid Fermentation Medium for High-yield Sterol and Evaluation of Lipid-lowering Activity by Pleurotus tuber-regium. 农业生物技术学报, 2026, 34(9): 1961-1975.
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