Effects of Phytosterol Esters on Mice (Mus musculus) Skeletal Muscle Development
FENG Xiao-Hua*, TAN Wei-Hao*, SUN Li-Juan, ZHAO Wei-Jie, CHEN Lyu-Shuang, XIE Kai-Lai, ZHU Shu-Qing, FENG Xia-Jie, SUN Zhong-Hua, WU Xin, WANG Li-Na**
Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Control/College of Animal Science, South China Agricultural University, Guangzhou 510642, China
Abstract：Phytosterol esters (PE) are active substances formed by esterification of phytosterols with fatty acids. In order to investigate the effects of PE on skeletal muscle development in mice (Mus musculus), 3-week-old mice were randomly divided into control and experimental groups (i.e., the 0.3% PE group), and the effects of PE on muscle development were detected by feeding test, body composition, grip strength and weight lifting test, changes in myofibre area and type as well as myogenic factors were detected by immunofluorescence and qPCR, and finally, the interleukin content and its receptor downstream signaling pathway were analysed by ELISA and Western blot. The results showed that, 1) Dietary supplementation with 0.3% PE significantly increased the average daily intake of mice (P<0.05), and the gastrocnemius index was significantly up-regulated (P<0.05), while the subcutaneous fat index showed a down-regulation trend. 2) Dietary supplementation with 0.3% PE significantly improved the grip strength and weight lifting scores of mice (P<0.05), while there was no significant change in the running time and the distance of the run. 3) Dietary supplementation with 0.3% PE significantly increased the mean muscle fibre cross-sectional area of gastrocnemius and soleus muscles (P<0.05), significantly up-regulated myogenic factor 5 (Myf5) mRNA levels (P<0.05), and there was a tendency for up-regulation in the levels of myogenic differentiation (MyoD) and myogenin proteins as well. (4) Dietary supplementation of 0.3% PE significantly increased serum levels of interleukin-11 (IL-11)(P<0.05), Janus kinase 2 (JAK2) phosphorylation level had a tendency to increase, and signal transducers and activators of transcription 3 (STAT3) phosphorylation level was significantly increased (P<0.05). In conclusion, dietary addition of phytosterol esters could promote skeletal muscle development, increase muscle fibre diameter and enhance muscle function, which might be related to IL-11 and its downstream JAK2/STAT3 signaling pathway. This study provides a theoretical basis for phytosterol esters to promote muscle development in production.
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