1 College of Life Science, Huzhou University, Huzhou 313002, China; 2 Institute of Hydrobiology, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Hangzhou 310021, China; 3 College of Fisheries and Life Science, Shanghai Ocean University, Shanghai 201306, China; 4 Haining Honghai Culture Co., Ltd., Haining 314400, China; 5 Haining Aquaculture Technology Service Station, Haining 314400, China
Abstract：The worldwide cultivated freshwater economic crayfish Cherax quadricarinatus is also extensively farmed in various regions of our country. To investigate the genetic diversity and structure of different regions and artificially bred populations of C. quadricarinatus in China, This study conducted analysis on 10 regional aquaculture populations and 3 generations of selectively bred populations using a panel of 15 and 20 microsatellite markers. The results revealed that among the 10 aquaculture populations, the average number of alleles (Na) ranged from 5.867 to 6.867, while the average number of effective alleles (Ne) ranged from 3.090 to 3.857. Additionally, all populations exhibited a Shannon index (H') greater than 1, with both mean observed heterozygosity (Ho) and mean expected heterozygosity (He) exceeding 0.5. The average polymorphism information content (PIC) ranged from 0.531 to 0.595. In addition, the number of migrants per generation (Nm) in 10 different regions ranged from 11.343 to 32.526. The genetic differentiation index (Fst) ranged from 0.008 to 0.027, the genetic distance (D) ranged from 0.024 to 0.090, and the genetic similarity coefficient (I) ranged from 0.914 to 0.977. The cluster map constructed based on D showed that Chaoshan and Nantong, Zhuhai, Taiwan and Pinghu groups cluster into a branch, Wuxi and Huaian, Hainan and Zhuji groups cluster into a branch, and Shanwei groups cluster into a branch alone. Analysis of the selectively bred populations over 3 generations revealed a significant decrease in genetic diversity parameters. In which, Ho decreased from 0.663 to 0.638, H' decreased from 1.449 to 1.372, Na decreased from 3.509 to 3.303, and PIC decreased from 0.640 to 0.635, indicating a decrease in these parameters due to artificial selection. Furthermore, with increasing generations, the parameter I gradually declined from 0.961 to 0.931 while D steadily increased from 0.044 to 0.07 between consecutive generations. However, the I between adjacent generations increased from 0.957 to 0.960, and Nm increased from 26.262 to 29.895. Fst decreased gradually, with a value of 0.009 between the first and second generations and a value of 0.008 between the second and third generations. These results further indicated that consecutive artificial selection led to a decrease in genetic similarity and an increase in genetic distance between generations, also resulting in an increasing level of genetic differentiation. All the above research results indicated that there was no significant genetic differentiation among different regional populations of C. quadricarinatus in China, and the genetic diversity levels were high in all regions, making them suitable as foundation populations for breeding. After 3 generations of selective breeding, the genetic diversity level of the selectively bred populations decreased slightly but remained at a relatively high level. The genetic variation and genetic differentiation levels were relatively low, indicating that they still possess strong breeding potential. These findings provide important theoretical support for the selective breeding of C. quadricarinatus.
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