Identification of Soybean (Glycine max) GmBAS1 Gene and Its Effect on Soybean Plant Architecture Structure
CHEN Xiao-Rui1,2, WANG Ying2, QIU Li-Juan2,*, CHEN Qing-Shan1,*
1 College of Agriculture, Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030, China; 2 Institute of Crop Science, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100081, China
Abstract：Close planting is the main way to increase soybean (Glycine max) yield. The premise is to improve the soybean plant structure such as plant height, petiole angle, and internode length. Brassinolide (BR), as the sixth plant hormone, plays an important role in controlling the petiole angle of rice (Oryza sativa) and the plant structure of Arabidopsis thaliana. In soybean, most of the studies on ester genes are related to the flowering period, but the studies on plant architecture have not been reported. The cytochrome P450 734A1 (CYP734A1/BAS1) gene belongs to the brassinosteroid metabolism gene, which can control the size of the petiole angle of rice and improve the plant architecture of rice. In order to explore the influence of the CYP734A1/BAS1 gene on the soybean plant architecture. This study homologously cloned 2 homologous genes GmBAS1a and GmBAS1b of CYP734A1/BAS1 in soybean. Phylogenetic tree analysis showed that the homologous sequence of GmBAS1a (GenBank No. NC_038253.2) and GmBAS1b (GenBank No. NC_038241.2) were the closest related with that of Arabidopsis thaliana, and the evolution direction was different in monocots and dicots. Haplotype analysis showed that there were few natural mutations in the exon region of GmBAS1 gene, and the gene performed important functions in soybean; Promoter prediction showed that the promoter region of GmBAS1 gene had various cis-acting elements involved in light response and adversity stress, and could participate in multiple growth and development processes of soybean. Further, the BR mutants were obtained by Agrobacterium-mediated transformation of soybean cotyledon nodes into overexpression vectors. The plant height of soybean overexpressing GmBAS1a was reduced by 70%, the angle of petiole in different parts was reduced by 10%~50%, and the length of internode was reduced by 55%~82%, while soybean plants overexpressing GmBAS1b showed a more serious dwarf phenotype. These two phenotypes were consistent with the usual BR-deficient phenotypes. The results showed that overexpression of GmBAS1a and GmBAS1b could reduce soybean plant height and petiole angle, and promote soybean plant compactness, and GmBAS1b was more important in BR metabolism than GmBAS1a. GmBAS1b played a more important role and had a greater impact on plant architecture. The results provide a reference for exploring the role of BR in regulating soybean plant architecture.
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