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| Analysis of Genetic Diversity of European Pear (Pyrus communis L.) Cultivars Using Core Simple Sequence Repeat (SSR) Markers |
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Abstract The genes of pear (Pyrus) cultivars from different areas are different due to the natural self-incompatibility character. In order to identify the diversity of different cultivars and explore the important genetic traits, 134 core simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers with high polymorphism which covered all 17 lingkage groups of pear were used to study the genetic variability and the group structure of 45 European pears (Pyrus communis L.). 673 alleles were detected through all SSR primers, with mean of 5.02 per SSR primer. The mean of observed number of alleles (Na), effective number of alleles (Ne), observed heterozygosity (Ho), expected heterozygosity (He) and Shannon's information index (I) were 5.02, 3.84, 0.73, 0.72 and 1.42, respectively. The results of clustering analysis and the genetic similarity coefficient showed that the 45 cultivars had high genetic diversity and the evolution trend of the varieties was even. The cultivars distributed in Europe and America and intertwined with each other, and had no much difference due to different location, which might reveal the close relationship with genetic background of Europion pears. The species with unknown sources of Kujieli, Feilaiyin and Dilibairui might originate from Western Europe. According to the analysis of population structure, when the K-value was 2, the population of European pear was divided into 2 groups: Pop1 and Pop2, and cultivars of Clapp's Liebling, Bo12, Radana, Dilibairui, Red Anjou and Le Conte showed high heterozygosity. Fingerprint identification of European pears showed that at least two markers should be used to separate different cultivars. The results provide scientific evidence and perfecct markers for comprehensively evaluating the genetic background and characteristic as well as identifying different germplasm correctly, and also provide basic data for protection of germplasm resources utilization and genetic breeding.
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Received: 28 October 2014
Published: 17 March 2015
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