Abstract：In current, cucumber fruit color is one of the most important commodity characters. When breeding towarded diversity and specialty, it has attracted more and more attention in the process. To study the inheritance of tender cucumber fruit peel color traits, this research used three inbred lines of cucumber(Cucumis sativus L.) which were distinct different in fruit color as the parents material, maked two hybrid combinations, respectively which were Q16(dark green of fruit color)×Q8(yellowish white of fruit color)and Q16×Q24(yellow white of fruit color)and maked six genetic populations (P1, P2, F1, B1, B2 and F2), respectively. And this research adopted the combination of visual and chromatic meter to observe and class for the fruit peel color traits of tender cucumber on each individual plant in six genetics populations. The data of fruit colors were analyzed by joint analysis of multiple generations of the major gene plus poly-genes model of plant quantitative traits. The results showed the generation of segregation population of fruit color traits of cucumber presented unimodal or bimodal skewness distribution in these two hybridized combinations Q16×Q8 and Q16×Q24. This phenomenon indicated that this traits was quantitative traits and part of this traits was controlled by major genes. By the genetic analysis, the results showed that the inheritance of fruit color in these two hybridized combinations (Q16×Q8 and Q16×Q24) were appropriate for the model of two major genes with additive-dominance-epitasis (model B-1). This indicated that fruit color traits of cucumber was controlled by two major genes and the heritability of major genes in two hybrid combinations was highest in F2 population which reached 87.4% and 93.1%, respectively. In addition, the additive effect of two major genes in two hybrid combinations approximately equal which were 1.368, -0.132 and 1.451, -0.049, respectively. And the dominance effect of two major genes respectively were 0.625, 1.625 and 0.529, 1.530 in two hybrid combinations. It could thus be seen that in these two pair major genes, the additive effect of the first pair gene was obvious, and dominant effect of the second for the major gene was notable. In these two crosses, the heritability of major genes was high, this showed that fruit color of cucumber was suited to breeding in earlier generation. This result lay a foundation for the gene location in fruit color traits of cucumber and creating new germplasm of cucumber.
