摘要铁是植物生长的必需微量元素，缺铁导致苹果发生失绿症，生长结果受到影响。我国苹果主产区恰在缺铁区域范围内，因此，从丰富的苹果种质资源中筛选出铁高效型资源，通过育种手段选育出耐缺铁苹果砧木新品种，是解决苹果生产上因缺铁造成生长发育受影响、产量品质受损的根本性途径。1984年开始，本项目组从苹果属40个苹果树砧木种质资源中筛选铁高效基因型，发现小金海棠在Fe含量极低的条件下仍然能够正常生长，未表现出缺铁失绿症状，为铁高效型。随后，以小金海棠(Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang)实生苗为基础，建立小金海棠开放授粉杂交后代群体。1990年，从自然实生群体中初选出育种优系。经复选比较试验，选育出苹果无性系砧木中砧1号。中砧1号染色体数为四倍体(2n=4x=68)，具有无融合生殖能力，去雄套袋坐果率85%以上。与苹果栽培品种嫁接亲和性好，苗干直立性好，固地性强，半矮化，矮化程度、提早结果作用及丰产能力均与苹果半矮化砧木M7相近。果实风味甜，适口性好，品质极佳。抗苹果早期落叶病和枝干轮纹病，高抗苹果褪绿叶斑病毒(CLSV)、茎痘病毒(SPV)及茎沟槽病毒(SGV)等潜隐病毒。在石灰母质土壤地区用作苹果自根砧木，可有效避免缺铁黄化现象的发生。
Abstract：The iron has a very important role in the growth and development of the plant, iron deficiency causes chlorosis in apple trees. The main producing areas of apple in China just iron deficiency, therefore, filter out iron-efficient resources from rich apple germplasm resources, and breeding new varieties of apple rootstocks through breeding means is fundamental pathway to solve due to iron deficiency affected yield and quality of apple production. Since 1984, the project team screened iron-efficient genotypes from 40 apple stocks and found Malus xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang, grow normally and do not exhibit symptoms of chlorosisin in conditions of very low Fe content, was considered to be an excellent germplasm with tolerance to iron deficiency. Subsequently, open pollinated hybrids groups were established on the basis of M. xiaojinensis Cheng et Jiang seedlings. In 1990, excellent grades was obtained through original selection from natural seedlings. Then after multiple selection and comparison test, bred apple clonal rootstocks Chistock #1. Chistock #1 is a tetraploid in chromosome number (2n = 4x = 68), with a capacity of apomixis, and setting rate above 85% after emasculation bagged. Then with excellent grafting compatibility, seedling dry good standing and strong solid ground, semi-dwarf, dwarf extent, effects and yield capacity were similar with simi-dwarfing apple rootstock M7. Sweet fruit flavor, palatability, and excellent quality. Resist apple early defoliation disease and branches ring rot, high resistance to apple Chlorotic leaf spot virus(CLSV), Stem pitting virus(SPV) and the Stem groove virus(SGV) and other latent virus. Chistock #1 can effectively prevent etiolation due to iron deficiency as apple rootstock in the lime parent material soil areas.
