Effects of High-carbon Basal Fertilizers Combined with Nitrogen Reduction on Soil Fertility and Bacterial Diversity
SU Meng-Di1, MA Xiao2, HU Li-Tao2, ZHAO Long-Jie2, PENG Jun2, WANG Huan-Huan1, ZHANG Song-Tao1,*
1 College of Tobacco Science/National Tobacco Cultivation, Physiology and Biochemistry Research Center/Key Laboratory for Tobacco Cultivation of Tobacco Industry, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; 2 Fengdu Branch of Chongqing City Tobacco Company of China National Tobacco Corporation, Chongqing 408200, China
Abstract：Overuse of chemical fertilizers leads to deterioration of the soil environment and severely affects crop production. High-carbon basal fertilizer plays an important role in improving soil ecological environment of farmland, it has a greater impact on soil chemical properties and microbial diversity. This study adopted field test methods, 5 treatments were set up, including: NF (no fertilization), GCK (conventional fertilization of 111 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen), G3 (high-carbon basal fertilizer 450 kg/hm2+99.9 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen)(10% reduction in nitrogen), G5 (high-carbon basal fertilizer 750 kg/hm2+88.8 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen)(20% reduction in nitrogen), G7 (high-carbon basal fertilizer 1 050 kg/hm2+77.7 kg/hm2 pure nitrogen)(30% reduction in nitrogen). The effects on soil chemical properties were studied, and 16S rRNA high-throughput sequencing technology was used to analyze soil bacterial diversity. These results showed that: 1) High-carbon basal fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduction could increase soil pH, content of available nitrogen (N), potassium (K) and phosphorus (P). Among them, G7 had the best effect on improving soil fertility. The soil pH, contents of available nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus were increased under treatment of G7, which were 23.49%, 8.78%, 20.28% and 27.81% higher than those of CK, respectively (at 90 d after transplantation). 2) At the phylum levels, G7 increased the relative abundance of Proteobacteria, which were 9.93% and 2.28% higher than CK at 30 and 60 d after transplantation, respectively. At 60 d after transplantation, G3 increased the relative abundance of Bacteroidetes, which were 93.42% higher than CK. High-carbon basal fertilizer combined with nitrogen reduced the relative abundance of Acidobacteria, at 30 d after transplantation, which G7 decreased the most by 35.39%. At the genus levels, at 30 and 60 d after transplantation, G7 significantly increased the relative abundance of Sphingomonas and Pseudarthrobacter. At 60 d after transplantation, G7 decreased the relative abundance of Rhodanobacter. Among them, G7 had the greatest impact on bacterial diversity. 3) According to redundancy analysis, 86.64% of the change in the bacterial phylum communities was due to physical and chemical factors of the soils. There was a positive correlation between soil available N, K, P, pH and Proteobacteria, Bacteroidetes, Gemmatimonadetes. This study showed that 1 050 kg/hm2 high-carbon basal fertilizer+77.7 kg pure nitrogen/hm2 (30% reduction in nitrogen) had the best effect on improvement of soil microbial diversity and soil fertility. This study elaborates the mechanism underlying impact on soil microbial diversity and soil chemical properties by used high-carbon basal fertilizers.
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