Analysis of Differentially Expressed Genes Related to Fat Deposition in Simmental and Angus Cattle (Bos taurus) Based on Transcriptome Sequencing
ZHAO Wei-Ming1, WU Hui-Guang1,2, WU Jiang-Hong1, WANG Guo-Fu1, GAO Shu-Xin1*
1 College of Animal Science and Technology, Inner Mongolia University for the Nationalities, Tongliao 028000, China; 2 College of Veterinary Medicine, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
Abstract：The content and distribution of intramuscular fat (IMF) is the material basis for the formation of Bos taurus marbled meat. There is a difference in fat deposition capacity between Simmental cattle (B. taurus) and Angus cattle (B. taurus). The IMF content in Angus is significantly higher than that in Simmental cattle. In this study, high-throughput sequencing technology was used to screen the genes related to backfat deposition, in order to provide reference for the research on the mechanism of fat deposition in Simmental and Angus cattles. Three 15-month-old bulls from each breed were fattened and slaughtered to determine the meat quality of the carcass. Transcriptome sequencing and bioinformatics analysis were performed on the backfat fat tissues of the 2 breeds. The results showed that there were no significant differences in crude fat, water loss, ribeye area and pH between the 2 breeds, while the shear force of Simmental cattle was significantly higher than that of Angus cattle (P<0.01). Analysis of transcriptome data showed that there were 1 296 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) in the backfat tissue of the 2 breeds, which mainly enriched in metabolic process, growth and development etc. of 55 function items and lipid metabolism, carbohydrate metabolism, energy metabolism etc. of 44 metabolic pathways. According to the pathway and function analysis, 3 genes including pyruvate dehydrogenase kinase 4 (PDK4), nuclear receptor subfamily 4 group A member 1 (NR4A1) and prospero related homeobox (PROX1) were selected for gene expression analysis by quantitative real-time PCR. Quantitative results showed that the relative expression of PROX1 and PDK4 in the backfat of Angus cattle was 47% and 14% higher than that in the Simmental cattle (P<0.01), and the relative expression of NR4A1 in the Simmental cattle backfat was 30% higher than that in the Angus cattle (P<0.05). The differentially expressed genes obtained in this study could be used as candidate genes for the improvement of beef quality traits and provide basic information to further explore the genetic mechanism of backfat growth and development.
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