1 The State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture, Zhejiang A ＆ F University, Hangzhou 311300, China;
2 The Seeding Breeding Center of Ningbo Forestry Bureau, Ningbo 315012, China
Abstract：The 'Yongjin' is a color-leafed variety of Cinnamomum camphora, and it has high ornamental and economic value. Exploring the physiological and biochemical mechanism of its special leaf color formation is of great significance to the new color-leafed variety breeding of C. camphora. In this study, the leaf color, chlorophyll, carotenoid and anthocyanin contents, and photosynthetic characteristics of 'Yongjin' and wild-type were compared in April, meanwhile expression differences of 15 chlorophyll synthesis genes in 2 types were analyzed using qRT-PCR. The results showed that there was significant difference for leaf color between 'Yongjin' and wild-type in April. 'Yongjin' leaf color values were significantly lower than that of wild-type during the determination period (P<0.05), and showed an increasing trend, with the minimum of 2.757 on April 10th and the maximum of 8.163 on April 21th. The chlorophyll a, chlorophyll b and total chlorophyll contents in current-year leaves of 'Yongjin' were obviously lower than that of wild-type on April 10th, the corresponding values were only 24.9%, 42.2% and 29.7% of the wild-type. Although chlorophyll contents in 'Yongjin' were extremely significant different from the wild-type at 3 time-points (P<0.01), there was no significant difference in carotenoid and anthocyanin content between 2 types. The photo response curves of 2 types was similar, and the maximum net photosynthetic rate and light saturation point in 'Yongjin' was separately 7.44 μmol/(m2 ·s) and 396.7 μmol/(m2 ·s), which were significantly lower than that of wild-type (P<0.05). The expression patterns of genes related to chlorophyll synthesis in 'Yongjin' were obviously different form the wild-type. The expression levels of 11 genes in 'Yongjin' were significantly lower than that of wild-type on April 10th, and the expression levels of genes encoding C.camphora glutamy l-tRNA reductase (CcHEMA) and C.camphora uroporphyrinogen Ⅲ synthetase (CcHEMD) were only 38.7% and 31.7% of the wild-type. Especially, the expression levels of CcHEMD and C.camphora coproporphyrinogen Ⅲ oxidase (CcHEMF) were significantly lower than that of the wild-type during the measurement period (P<0.05), which was consistent with the relatively low chlorophyll content. In summary, the relatively low chlorophyll content of 'Yongjin' in spring was the direct cause of its special leaf color change, which was associated with the relatively weak expressions coding genes of HEMA, magnesium chelatase H subumit (CHLH), CHLI, CHLD, HEMD and HEMF. The results lay an important foundation for further dissecting the special leaf color formation mechanism of this color-leafed variety, can also provide the theoretical basis for the breeding of new varieties in C. camphora.
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