Abstract：Wheat is one of the important food crops in China. However, drought and other adverse conditions have seriously affected the quality and yield of wheat. Screened the stress-resistant genes, and analyzed mechanismes of action, providing candidate genes and theoretical basis for wheat resistance breeding. Xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolase (XET/XEH) is a class of enzymes with xyloglucan endoglycosyltransferase /hydrolase activity, which are collectively referred to as XTH, belonging to glycoside hydrolase 16 family. It can participate in the formation and remodeling of cell wall and plays an important role in plant growth and development and stress resistance. In this study, the cDNA sequence of the TaXTH-7A gene was isolated by PCR from wheat (Triticum aestivum L. ), the coding region of it was 870 bp in length, encoding 290 amino acid residues, and its genome contained 3 exons and 2 introns. Protein sequence analysis indicated that TaXTH-7A contains several XET-specific domains and they are highly conserved across species. Phylogenetic tree analysis indicated that the XTH-7AL gene evolved between monocotyledonous and dicotyledonous, and between C3 and C4 plants, and was closely related to Aegilops tauschii. The results of qRT-PCR showed that TaXTH-7A gene was expressed in roots, stems, leaves and spiket of wheat, and it was dominant in roots. After drought stress, its expression increased and peaked at 4 hours. Subcellular localization results showed that TaXTH-7A is localized in the cytoplasm, cell membrane, and apoplast.It was also found that TaXTH-7A increased the drought resistance of transgenic Arabidopsis. This study provides a basis for further exploration of the function of TaXTH-7A gene in wheat, and also provides a theoretical basis for wheat resistance to abiotic stress.
[1]汪颖.我国小麦抗旱性研究进展[J].园艺与种苗, 2011, (2):95-97
[2]WANG Y.Research progress on drought resistance of wheat in China [J]. Horticulture & Seed, 2011(2):95(in Chinese with English abstract).
[3]黎裕, 王建康, 邱丽娟马有志, 李新海, 万建民.中国作物分子育种现状与发展前景[J].作物学报, 2010, 36(9):1425-1430
[4]Li Y, Wang J K, Qiu L J, Ma Y Z, Li X H, Wan J M.Crop Molecular Breeding in China:Current Status and Perspectives[J].Acta Agron Sin, 2010, 36(09):1425-1430
[5]Rose, J.K C,Braam J,Fry S CThe XTH family of enzymes involved in xyloglucan endotransglucosylation and endohydrolysis: current perspectives and a new unifying nomenclature[J].Plant and Cell Physiology, 2002, 43(12):1421-1435
[6]Eklof J M, Brumer H.The XTH Gene Family: An Update on Enzyme Structure,Function,and Phylogeny in Xyloglucan Remodeling[J].PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 2010, 153(2):456-466
[7] Potter I, Fry S C.Changes in xyloglucan endotransglycosylase (XET) activity during hormone- induced growth in lettuce and cucumber hypocotyls and spinach cell suspension cultures [J]. J Exp Bot, 1994, 45:1703-1710.
[8]Nishitani K.Endo- xyloglucan transferase,a new class of transferase involved in cell wall construction[J].Plant Res, 1995, 108(1089):137-148
[9] Catala C, Rose J K C, York W S, Albersheim P, Darvill A G, Bennett A B.Characterization of a tomato xyloglucan endotransglucosylase gene that is down- regulated by auxin in etiolated hypocotyls[J]. Plant Physiol, 2001, 127:1180-1192.
[10] Cosgrove D J.Growth of the plant cell wall [J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Bio, 2005, 6:850-861.
[11]Liu Y B, Lu S M, Zhang J F, Liu S, Lu Y T.A xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase involves in growth of primary root and alters the deposition of cellulose in Arabidopsis[J].Planta, 2007, 226(6):1547-1560
[12] Yokoyama R, Rose J K C, Nishitani K.A surprising diversity and abundance of xyloglucan endotransglucosylase/hydrolases in rice. Classification and expression analysis[J]. Plant Physiology.2004, 134(3):1088.
[13]Geisler-Lee J, Geisler M, Coutinho P M, Segerman B, Nishikubo N, Takahashi J, Sundberg B.Poplar carbohydrate-active enzymesGene identification and expression analyses[J].Plant Physiology, 2006, 140(3):946-962
[14]Montserrat Saladié, Rose J K C, Cosgrove D J, Carmen Catal.Characterization of a new xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase (XTH) from ripening tomato fruit and implications for the diverse modes of enzymic action[J].Plant Journal, 2006, 47(2):282-295
[15]Yokoyama R.A Comprehensive Expression Analysis of all Members of a Gene Family Encoding Cell-Wall Enzymes Allowed us to Predict cis-Regulatory Regions Involved in Cell-Wall Construction in Specific Organs of Arabidopsis[J].Plant and Cell Physiology, 2001, 42(10):1025-1033
[16]Hyodo H, Yamakawa S, Takeda Y, Tsuduki M, Yokota A, Nishitani K, Kohchi T.Active gene expression of a xyloglucan endotransglucosylasehydrolase gene,XTH9,in inflorescence apices is related to cell elongation in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant Molecular Biology, 2003, 52(2):473-482
[17]Shin Y K, Yum H, Kim E S, Cho H, Gothandam K M, & Chung H Y Y.BcXTH1,a Brassica campestris homologue of Arabidopsis XTH9,is associated with cell expansion[J].Planta, 2006, 224(1):32-41
[18]Matsui A, Yokoyama R, Seki M, Ito T, Shinozaki K, & Takahashi T, Komeda Y, Nishitani K.AtXTH27 plays an essential role in cell wall modification during the development of tracheary elements[J].Plant Journal, 2005, 42(4):10-
[19]Sasidharan R, Chinnappa C C, Staal M, Elzenga J T M, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, Voesenek L A C J, Pierik R.Light quality-mediated petiole elongation in Arabidopsis during shade avoidance involves cell wall modification by xyloglucan endotransglucosylasehydrolases[J].Plant Physiology, 2010, 154(11):978-90
[20]Becnel J, Natarajan M, Kipp A, Braam, J.Developmental Expression Patterns of Arabidopsis XTH Genes Reported by Transgenes and Gene vestigator[J].Plant Molecular Biology, 2006, 61(3):451-467
[21]Kurasawa K, Matsui A, Yokoyama R, Kuriyama T, Yoshizumi T, Matsui M, Suwabe K, Watanabe M, Nishitani K.The AtXTH28 Gene,a Xyloglucan EndotransglucosylaseHydrolase,is Involved in Automatic Self-Pollination in Arabidopsis thaliana[J].Plant and Cell Physiology, 2008, 50(2):413-422
[22]Ariizumi T, Amagai M, Shibata D, Hatakeyama K, Watanabe M, Toriyama K.Comparative study of promoter activity of three anther-specific genes encoding lipid transfer protein,xyloglucan endotransglucosylasehydrolase and polygalacturonase in transgenic Arabidopsis,thaliana[J].Plant Cell Reports, 2002, 21(1):90-96
[23]Harada T, Torii Y, Morita S, Onodera R, Hara Y, Yokoyama R, Nishitani K, and Satoh S.Cloning,characterization,and expression of xyloglucan endotransglucosylasehydrolase and expansion genes associated with petal growth and development during carnation flower opening[J].Journal of Experimental Botany, 2011, 62(2):815-823
[24]Jiangyueming L R Y A.Cloning and Expression Analysis of an XET cDNA in the Peel and Pulp of Banana Fruit Ripening and Softening[J].Plant Journal, 2004, 3(3):355-362
[25]Soga K, Wakabayashi K, Kamisaka S, Hoson T.Effects of hypergravity on expression of XTH genes in azuki bean epicotyls[J].Physiol Plant, 2010, 131(2):332-340
[26]Yang J L, Zhu X F, Peng Y X, Zheng C, Li G X, Liu Y, Zheng S J.Cell Wall Hemicellulose Contributes Significantly to Aluminum Adsorption and Root Growth in Arabidopsis[J].PLANT PHYSIOLOGY, 2011, 155(4):1885-1892
[27]Ookawara R.Expression of α-expansin and xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase genes associated with shoot elongation enhanced by anoxia,ethylene and carbon dioxide in arrowhead (Sagittaria pygmaea Miq) Tubers[J].Ann Bot, 2005, 96(4):693-702
[28]Han Y, Wang W, Sun J, Ding M, Zhao R, Deng S, Wang F, Hu Y, Wang Y, Lu Y, Du L, Hu Z, Diekmann H, Shen X, Polle A, Chen S.Populus euphratica XTH overexpression enhances salinity tolerance by the development of leaf succulence in transgenic tobacco plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany, 2013, 64(14):4225-4238
[29]Cho S K, Kim J E, Park J A, Eom T J, Kim W T.Constitutive expression of abiotic stress‐inducible hot pepper CaXTH3,which encodes a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase homolog,improves drought and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants[J].Febs Letters, 2006, 580(13):3136-3144
[30]Han Y, Ban Q, Li H, Hou Y, Jin M, Han S, Rao J.DkXTH8,a novel xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase in persimmon,alters cell wall structure and promotes leaf senescence and fruit postharvest softening[J].Scientific Reports, 2016, 6(1):39155-
[31] 吴迪, 陈林, 张向展, 李嵩，李敏，刘子辉，孙希媛，郑炜君，柴守诚.小麦TaFKBP62c-2B基因克隆、组织表达及亚细胞定位[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2016, 24(7).
[32]Di W U, Lin C, Zhang X Z, Song L, Min L, Z H Liu, X Y Sun, W J Zheng, S C Chai.Cloning, Expression and Subcellular Localization of TaFKBP62c-2B Gene in Wheat (Triticum aestivum) [J]. Journal of Agricultural Biotechnology, 2016, 24(7) (in Chinese with English abstract).
[33] 邹琦.植物生理生化实验指导[M].北京:中国农业出版社, 2000:62-63, 134-137.
[34]Zou Q.Plant Physiology and Biochemistry Experiment Guide [M]. Beijing: China Agriculture Press, 2000: 62-63, 134-137(in Chinese).
[35]Asa M.Kallas,Piens K,Stuart EDenman,Henriksson H,Faldt J,Johansson P,Brumer H,Tuula T Teeri. Enzymatic properties of native and deglycosylated hybrid aspen (Populus tremula×tremuloides) xyloglucan endotransglycosylase 16A expressed in Pichia pastoris[J].Biochemical Journal, 2005, 390(1):105-113
[36]Sandt V, V.S TAnalysis of a xyloglucan endotransglycosylasehydrolase (XTH) from the lycopodiophyte Selaginella kraussiana suggests that XTH sequence characteristics and function are highly conserved during the evolution of vascular plants[J].Journal of Experimental Botany, 2006, 57(12):2909-2922
[37]张保才, 周奕华.植物细胞壁形成机制的新进展[J].中国科学:生命科学, 2015, 45(6):544-556
[38]Zhang B C, Zhou Y H.New Progress in Plant Cell Wall Formation Mechanism[J].Science in China, 2015, 45(6):544-556
[39]Choi J Y, Seo Y S, Kim S J, Kim W T, Shin J S.Constitutive expression of CaXTH3,a hot pepper xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase,enhanced tolerance to salt and drought stresses without phenotypic defects in tomato plants (Solanum lycopersicumcvDotaerang)[J].Plant Cell Reports, 2011, 30(5):867-877
[40]Liu Y, Liu D, Zhang H, Gao H, Guo X, Wang D, Zhang X, Zhang A.The α-and β-expansin and xyloglucan endotransglucosylasehydrolase gene families of wheat: Molecular cloning,gene expression,and EST data mining[J].Genomics, 2007, 90(4):516-529
[41]全先庆, 张渝洁, 单雷, 毕玉平.脯氨酸在植物生长和非生物胁迫耐受中的作用[J].生物技术通讯, 2007, 18(1):159-162
[42]Xianqing Q.The Roles of Proline in Plant Growth and the Tolerance to Abiotic Stresses[J].Letters in Biotechnology, 2007, 18(1):159-162
[43]姜慧芳, 任小平.干旱胁迫对花生叶片活性和蛋白质的影响[J].作物学报, 2004, 30(2):169-174
[44]Hui-Fang J, Xiao-Ping R.The Effect on SOD Activity and Protein Content in Groundnut Leaves by Drought Stress[J].Acta Agronomica Sinica, 2004, 3(1):1-4
[45]柳延涛, 陈寅初, 李万云, 刘胜利, 王鹏, 殷波.作物抗旱生理生化特性研究进展[J].耕作与栽培, 2011, (2):6-7
[46]Liu Yantao, Chen Yuchu, Li Wanyun, Liu Shengli, Wang Peng, Yin Bo.Advances in Research on Physiological and Biochemical Characteristics of Crop Drought Resistance[J].Tillage and Cultivation, 2011, (2):6-7
[47]Cho S K, Kim J E, Park J A, Eom T J, Kim W T.Constitutive expression of abiotic stress‐inducible hot pepper CaXTH3,which encodes a xyloglucan endotransglucosylase hydrolase homolog,improves drought and salt tolerance in transgenic Arabidopsis plants[J].Febs Letters, 2006, 580(13):3136-3144
[48]李莉, 田士林.不同小麦材料抗旱性比较[J].安徽农业科学, 2007, 35(24):7409-7409
[49]L Li, S Tian.Comparison of Drought-resistance among Difference Wheat Materials[J].Journal of Anhui Agricultural Sciences, 2007, 35(24):7409-7409
