Abstract：Abstract The increase of melatonin (Mel) can obstruct the development of reproductive organs and reduce the egg production in poultry. The arylalkylamine N-acetyltransferase (AANAT) is the major rate-limiting enzyme for melatonin synthesis from serotonin. In order to investigate the polymorphism of the AANAT gene on laying traits, SNPs in 5' regulatory region of the gene were detected with the direct sequencing and then their correlations with the laying traits were analyzed in Shouguang chickens (Gallus domesticus). The results showed that 10 low polymorphism loci and 11 moderate polymorphism loci were found in the 5? regulatory region, respectively. Three SNPs with moderate polymorphisms had significant effects on laying traits (P＜0.05). The locus of -803 could significantly advance the age at first egg and increase the egg production during 20~25 weeks of age. The loci of -561 and -522 increased the egg production during 26~45 weeks of age and during 46~57 weeks of age, respectively, so as to significantly increased the total egg production as well. In summary, the 5' regulatory region of AANAT gene have many SNPs, which were significantly associated with laying traits and thus are potential molecular markers to improve laying traits in Shouguang chickens.
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