Abstract：Kernel ratio in maize (Zea mays) is a typical quantitative trait, which is affected by the minor-gene and is susceptible to environmental effects, thus limiting the ability of genetic improvement in breeding. Multi-environment experiment was conducted at 3 locations for 2 years in order to explore QTLs which controlled kernel ratio traits in maize stably inheriting under different environments, and analyze the interaction effects between environments and QTLs. In this study, 150 recombinant inbred lines (RIL) derived from Xu178×K12 were used for the experimental materials. QTL analysis was conducted through single environment analysis, joint analysis and epistatic analysis, respectively. Results showed that 13 QTLs were detected through single environmental QTL analysis, which distributed on Chr.1, Chr.3, Chr.5, Chr.6, Chr.7, Chr.8 and Chr.9, respectively. The phenotypic variance explained by these QTLs ranged from 6.74% to 22.18%. Four QTLs were detected by using best linear unbiased prediction (BLUP) data, all of which were also detected through single environment. The phenotypic variance explained by interaction of additive effect for single QTL ranged from 0.78% to 2.31%, Eight QTLs were identified through joint analysis, the phenotypic variance explained by interaction of additive×environment for single QTL ranged from 0.21% to 1.96%. Fifteen pairs of QTLs with epistatic effect were detected through epistatic analysis in total, which distributed on all chromosomes. Four key areas, including Bin1.06~1.07, Bin6.01~6.02, Bin8.07 and Bin9.03~9.05 controlling kernel ratio were filtered through multi-environments QTL analysis. Besides, our results showed that the interaction effect between kernel ratio trait and environments was complicated. Epistatic effect was also an important genetic basis for the performance of kernel ratio in maize except for additive effect. The results of this study will be instructive for improvement of germplasm resources and molecular marker assisted selection (MAS) in further study.
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