Abstract：The change of Bacillus thuringiensis (Bt) receptor protein expression is one of the key factors affecting the resistance of target insects to Bt, but the mechanism of its expression regulation is not clear. MicroRNAs (miRNAs), as a class of non-coding RNAs, could be paired with target mRNA to regulate gene expression at post-transcriptional level, and thus participate in the regulation of insect growth, development and stress response. To investigate the role of microRNA-31 (miR-31) in the production of resistance of Asian corn borer (ACB, Ostrinia furnacalis) to pesticidal crystal protein (Cry1Ab), the expression of miR-31 in different tissues of Cry1Ab resistant strain of ACB (ACB-AbR) and Bt sensitive strain (ACB-BtS) was analyzed. It was found that the expression of miR-31 in the epidermis of ACB-AbR was significantly higher than that in the epidermis of ACB-BtS, but decreased significantly in the midgut of ACB-BtS and ACB-AbR, and the expression of miR-31 in the midgut of ACB-AbR was lower than that in the midgut of ACB-AbR. Then, the sensitivity of Sf9 cells to Cry1Ab was analyzed after the expression of miR-31 was changed. It was found that the increased expression of miR-31 resulted in an increase of the sensitivity of Sf9 to Cry1Ab, whereas the decrease in the expression of miR-31 resulted in a decrease of the sensitivity of Sf9 to Cry1Ab. These results suggested that the decrease of miR-31 expression in midgut of ACB-AbR may be one of the reasons leading to its resistance to Cry1Ab. This study provides basic data for further analysis of the mechanism of Bt resistance in ACB.
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