Abstract：Abstract Soybean cyst nematode (SCN, Heterodera glycines) seriously endangers the yield and quality of crops. SCN as one plant-specific endoparasitic nematode, is the most destructive pathogen of soybean (Glycine max) and other legumes, while tobacco (Nicotiana tabacum) is its non-host. However, in recent years, our research team found a special SCN population (SCNT) in Shandong province, which could infect tobacco, but whose pathogenicity to soybean was very poor. In order to reveal the molecular mechanism of significant difference in pathogenicity of the same host infected by SCNT and the normal SCN population, the Illumina platform HiSeqTM 2500 high-throughput sequencing technique was conducted to detect transcriptional profile of the 2nd Stage Juvenile (second stage juvenile, J2), which were derived from SCN and SCNT, respectively. qRT-PCR was performed to validate the result of transcriptome sequencing. The result demonstrated that there were a total of 1 628 differentially expressed genes (DEGs) between SCN and SCNT, among which, 1 347 DEGs were up-regulated in SCNT with 281 DEGs being down-regulated. GO (Gene Ontology) analysis was carried out to classify functions of DEGs. In the category of biological processes, the relative up-regulated and down-regulated genes were significantly enriched in the translation process, including 139 and 72 DEGs respectively. The two GO terms under cell component representing cytosolic small ribosomal subunit and the cytosolic large ribosomal subunit were notably enriched in the relative up-regulated genes, while other apparent GO terms in the relative down-regulated genes associated with DEGs were ribosome and cytosolic small ribosomal subunit. A notable number of genes (204 up-regulated and 80 down-regulated) were categorized under the GO term of structural constituent of ribosome belonging to molecular function. Furthermore, gene expression patterns were integrated with biochemical pathway from KEGG (Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes) analysis. 639 DEGs might involve in 277 different metabolic pathway branches, among which, a significant number of genes participating ribosome pathway were enriched, including 210 relative up-regulated and 73 relative down-regulated genes. Other pathway of oxidative phosphorylation was notably enriched. 76 DEGs (70 up-regulated and 6 down-regulated) were categorized under phosphorylation. 6 down-regulated genes were localized to cytochrome b gene, cytochrome c oxidase CO I, CO Ⅱ, CO Ⅲ subunit, NADH oxidoreductase ND5 subunit and ATP enzyme subunit, while ND1, ND2, ND3, and subunits involved in NADH oxidoreductase were up regulated. In addition, pathways associated with nematode growth and development and parasitism (such as Nicotinate and nicotinamide metabolism, Glutathione metabolism and Metabolism of xenobiotics by cytochrome P450) were enriched, followed by 13 DEGs encoding esophageal gland cell secretory proteins. There were only two genes encoding secretory proteins (pel2 and Hgg-20) suppressed, while the other 11 genes performed different degrees of down-regulation in SCNT population. The qRT-PCR data were correlated with transcriptome sequencing result, since the correlation coefficient R2=0.98, which indicated transcriptome sequencing data was reliable. This is the first report describing differences on transcriptional levels of different pathogenic SCN and SCNT populations, which will provide a scientific basis for further analysis on molecular mechanisms of pathogenicity differences of SCN.
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