Abstract：The chicken Major histocompatibility complex(MHC) is composed of a group of closely linked, highly polymorphic loci composition, which has an extremely important role in the body's immune response and regulation. This experiment was conducted to study the association between immune traits(Sheep red blood cell(SRBC), Avian influenza(AI) and Newcastle disease(ND)) and Major histocompatibility complex(MHC) B-F gene in Shandong local chickens(Gallus domesticus) breeds(Luqin chicken, Shiqiza chicken and Langya chicken), The results of comparison of AI, ND and SRBC titers among the three breeds showed that the antibody titers of SRBC, ND, and H9 in Shiqiza chicken were significantly higher than the two breeds(P＜0.01); but the antibody titers of H5 in Shiqiza chicken were significantly lower than the two breeds(P＜0.01); The Luqin chicken had the closest genetic relationship to Langya chicken, the antibody titers of them were basically the same and no significant difference with the other two populations(P>0.05). A 396 bp sequence including exon 2 of chicken MHC B-F gene was assessed in this study by the PCR-SSCP. The results indicated that 49, 45 and 41 SNPs were respectively detected in Luqin chicken, Shiqiza chicken and Langya chicken. Among them, 40, 37 and 32 nucleotide variations affected amino acid variations. Based on the three varieties, six, nine and four SNPs were respectively found significantly effect on partial immune traits(P＜0.05). The Luqin chicken had the closest genetic relationship to Langya chicken, the genetic variation of MHC B-F and antibody titers of them were basically the same. Both in Luqin chicken and Langya chicken, a total of 5 identical variants were found significant correlation with immune traits. The loci G232A and A217G were significantly associated with Newcastle disease antibody titers(P＜0.05) and the A217G was significantly associated with avian influenza H5 antibody titers(P＜0.05). Locus A211G was significantly associated with avian influenza H9 antibody titers(P＜0.05). Locus G232A was significantly associated with Sheep red blood cell antibody titers(P＜0.05). The results revealed the correlation between the different varieties of MHC B-F and immune traits in different varieties, which suggested the results had an important role in guiding the clinical use of vaccines.
