Genetic Diversity and Origin of Guizhou Pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) Breeds Analyzed by mtDNA D-loop Region
ZHAO Zhong-Hai1,2,3*, ZHOU Di1,2,5*, LI Hui1,2**, YI Heng-Jie1,2,4, LONG Qing-Meng5, SHI Xin-Cai1,2, BU Xiao-Yan1,2, Chen Lin1,2, YANG Hua-Ting1,2, LI Xing-Cai1,2
1 College of Animal Science/ Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in the Plateau Mountainous Region, Ministry of Education, Guizhou University, Guiyang 550025, China; 2 Key Laboratory of Animal Genetics, Breeding and Reproduction in Guizhou, Guiyang 550025, China; 3 Animal Husbandry Office of Zunyi City, Zunyi 563400, China; 4 Zhengan County Livestock Industry Development Office, Zunyi 563400, China; 5 Testing Center for Livestock and Poultry Germplasm, Guizhou Agricultural and Rural Affairs Office, Guiyang 550018, China
Abstract：Mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA), as an extranuclear genetic material, carries important genetic information, while its D-loop region sequence reflects the genetic diversity of the species.To assess the genetic diversity of Guizhou pig (Sus scrofa domesticus) species,10 local pig breeds in Guizhou Province and 3 foreign varietes were chosen as the researching object in this study, they were Gaopo pig, Guanling pig, Congjiang xiang pig, Qiannan black pig, Qianbei black pig, Kele pig, Jiangkou Luobo pig, Zongdi hua pig, Baixi pig, Nuogu pig and Meishan pig, Rongchang pig, Yorkshire.The full-length sequence of the D-loop region of mitochondrial DNA was amplified and analyzed by PCR amplification combined with direct sequencing.The research results showed that the full sequence of the D-loop region of the mtDNA of the experimental group was 1 117~1 148 bp, and there were 12 sequences of length. Except for the difference in the base composition of the Zongdi hua pig, there was no difference in the base content of other varieties, which showed the highest content of T, the lowest content of C, and the base A+T content was significantly higher than C+G. Then, 66 polymorphic loci were found in the 149 splicing sequences of the valid sequencing results, and 16 haplotypes were defined, with a haplotype diversity of 0.421 5. The genetic relationship between the Gaopo pig population and other pig populations was randomly selected, and it was found that there was less genetic communication among the populations, and the gene exchange value (Nm) was less than 1. The genetic differentiation index between Gaopo pig and Zongdi hua pig was the highest, and it was 0.412 78, and the genetic differentiation index of Gaopo pig and Qiannan black pig and Guanling pig were lower, indicating that the genetic relationship among the three pigs was relatively close; The genetic diversity analysis showed that the Gaopo pig were closely related to the Qianbei black pig, while the Zongdi hua pig was far related to other 12 varieties. Based on the results of this experiment, it could be inferred that the genetic diversity of 10 local pig breeds in Guizhou was threatened to a certain extent, and it was imperative to properly carry out the conservation of local pig breeds. This study provides theoretical support for further understanding of the origin differentiation and genetic diversity of Guizhou pig breeds, and provides a reference for local pig breed protection.
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