Cd<sup>2+</sup>和Zn<sup>2+</sup>胁迫对青海湖裸鲤抗氧化系统和非特异性免疫机能的影响

doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2024.12.011

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摘要青海湖裸鲤(Gymnocypris przewalskii)是一类特有的耐低温耐盐碱性高原裂腹鱼类,重金属胁迫是限制其溯河洄游产卵繁育的主要非生物胁迫之一。为探讨Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺胁迫对青海湖裸鲤的急性毒性作用、抗氧化能力及非特异性免疫机能的影响,本研究采用静水生物测定法确定不同浓度Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺胁迫青海湖裸鲤24、48、72和96 h的半致死浓度(lethal concentration for 50%, LC₅₀)及安全浓度(safe concentration, SC);通过酶标仪测定Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺胁迫后其鳃、肾脏和肝脏组织中超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)、酸性磷酸酶(acid phosphatase, ACP)和碱性磷酸酶(alkaline phosphatase, AKP)的活性,并用qPCR检测NF-κB相关免疫基因转化生长因子β激活激酶1 (transforming growth factor β-activatrd kinase 1, TAK1)、IκB抑制因子激酶α (inhibitory nuclear factor kinase-κB α, IKKα)、核因子κB抑制因子α (inhibitor nuclear factor-κB α, IκBα)、核转录因子κB (nuclear transcription factor-κB, NF-κB)、白细胞介素8 (interleukin 8, IL-8)、锌指蛋白A20 (A20)和肿瘤坏死因子-α (tumor necrosis factor α, TNF-α)的相对表达量。结果显示,Cd²⁺胁迫青海湖裸鲤幼鱼24、48、72和96 h的LC₅₀分别为1.455、1.022、0.579和0.428 mg/L;Zn²⁺胁迫青海湖裸鲤幼鱼24、48、72和96 h的LC₅₀分别为4.634、2.797、1.843和1.157 mg/L;Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺的SC分别为0.004 3和0.115 7 mg/L,毒性大小为Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺。青海湖裸鲤的肾脏和肝脏中SOD和CAT活性对Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺胁迫有不同程度的响应,但较高浓度Cd²⁺胁迫24 h时鳃组织中SOD和CAT的活性较高;胁迫后的鳃和肾脏中ACP活性显著降低(P<0.05),鳃和肝脏中AKP活性显著降低(P<0.05);在鳃、肾脏和肝脏中TAK1、IκBα、NF-κB和IL-8的表达量显著上调(P<0.05),而IKKα、A20和TNF-α表达量相对较低,尤其在肝脏中表现更为明显。由此可知,Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺胁迫均可诱导青海湖裸鲤产生氧化应激和炎症反应,激活鱼体抗氧化防御系统和非特异性免疫系统,调控免疫机制来应对不良环境。本研究可为深入探讨重金属胁迫下青海湖裸鲤的生理响应分子机制和青海湖裸鲤的人工增殖放流工作提供依据。

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	王蓉
	李长忠
	赵静
	马淑兄
	贾春艳
	勾化宇
	李兰英
	陈艳霞
	祁洪芳
	金文杰

关键词 ：青海湖裸鲤, 重金属胁迫, 急性毒性, 抗氧化能力, 免疫机能

Abstract：Gymnocypris przewalskii is a kind of Schizothoracinae with low temperature and salt and alkali resistance. Heavy metal stress is one of the main abiotic stresses that limit the anadromous migration and breeding of G. przewalskii. To investigate the effects of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ stress on the acute toxicity, antioxidant ability and non-specific immune function of G. przewalskii. G. przewalskii was exposed to different concentrations of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ at 24, 48, 72, and 96 h.The semi-lethal concentration for 50% (LC₅₀) and the safe concentration (SC) were determined by static bioassay. The activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD), catalase (CAT), acid phosphatase (ACP), and alkaline phosphatase (AKP) in gills, kidney and liver tissues of G. przewalskii were detected by the automatic microplate reader, and the relative expression of NF-κB related immune genes, such as transforming growth factor β-activatrd kinase 1 (TAK1), inhibitory nuclear factor kinase-κB α (IKKα), inhibitor nuclear factor-κB α (IκBα), nuclear transcription factor-κB (NF-κB), interleukin 8 (IL-8), zinc finger protein A20 (A20), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNF-α) were detected by qPCR. The results showed that the LC₅₀ of G. przewalskii under Cd²⁺ stress for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 1.455, 1.022, 0.579, and 0.428 mg/L, respectively. The LC₅₀ of G. przewalskii under Zn²⁺ stress for 24, 48, 72, and 96 h were 4.634, 2.797, 1.843, and 1.157 mg/L, respectively. The SC of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ were 0.004 3 and 0.115 7 mg/L, respectively, and the toxicity magnitude was Cd²⁺>Zn²⁺. After Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ stress, the activities of SOD and CAT in the kidney and liver of G. przewalskii shown varying degrees of response to Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ stress, but in high concentration, the activities were higher at 24 h in the gills. The activities of ACP were significantly reduced (P<0.05) in the gills and kidney,and the activities of AKP were significantly decreased (P<0.05) in the gills and liver. The expression of TAK1, IκBα, NF-κB, and IL-8 were highly up regulated (P<0.05) in gills, kidney, and liver, while the expressions of IKKα, A20, and TNF-α were relatively lower, especially in the liver. In conclusion, both Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ stress could induce oxidative stress and inflammatory response in G. przewalskii, activate the system of antioxidant defense and non-specific immune, regulate immune mechanism to cope with the adverse external environment. This study provides basis for further exploring the molecular mechanism of physiological response and artificial proliferation and release of G. przewalskii under heavy metal stress.

Key words： Gymnocypris przewalskii Heavy metal stress Acute toxicity Antioxidant ability Immune function

收稿日期: 2023-10-16

中图分类号： S917.4

基金资助:青海省科协中青年科技人才托举工程(2022QHSKXRCTJ34); 国家自然科学基金项目(31460700)

通讯作者: *kingsunny@126.com

引用本文:

王蓉, 李长忠, 赵静, 马淑兄, 贾春艳, 勾化宇, 李兰英, 陈艳霞, 祁洪芳, 金文杰. Cd²⁺和Zn²⁺胁迫对青海湖裸鲤抗氧化系统和非特异性免疫机能的影响[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2024, 32(12): 2808-2821.
WANG Rong, LI Chang-Zhong, ZHAO Jin, MA Shu-Xiong, JIA Chun-Yan, GOU Hua-Yu, LI Lan-Ying, CHEN Yan-Xia, QI Hong-Fang, JIN Wen-Jie. Effects of Cd²⁺ and Zn²⁺ Stress on Antioxidant System and Non-specific Immune Function in Gymnocypris przewalskii. 农业生物技术学报, 2024, 32(12): 2808-2821.

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https://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/10.3969/j.issn.1674-7968.2024.12.011 或 https://journal05.magtech.org.cn/Jwk_ny/CN/Y2024/V32/I12/2808

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