Identification of the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Gene Family in Salvia miltiorrhiza and Its Expression Analysis Under Stress
HUA Wen-Ping1,2, LIU Fei1, WANG Shang-Yan1, ZHANG Yu-Fang1, LI Jing-Qi1,*
1 College of Biology, Food and Chemistry, Shaanxi Xueqian Normal University, Xi'an 710061, China; 2 Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Education for Medicinal Resources and Natural Pharmaceutical Chemistry, Shaanxi Normal University, Xi'an 710119, China
Abstract：Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) is not only a key enzyme for energy supply in plants under hypoxic conditions but also participates in various abiotic stress responses. In this study, members of the LDH gene family were first screened and identified from the genome of Salvia miltiorrhiza. Subsequently, bioinformatics methods were employed to investigate the physicochemical properties, sequence characteristics, phylogenetic evolution, and expression regulation of these family members. Finally, qPCR was used to study the expression of LDH family members under different stresses. The result showed that a total of 12 SmLDH genes were identified and classified into 3 subfamilies based on evolutionary relationships and conserved motifs. The encoded proteins of SmLDH contained 318~456 amino acids with molecular weights ranging from 34.42 to 48.51 kD. The isoelectric points of SmLDHs varied greatly among members, and the proteins were mainly localized in chloroplasts and cytoplasm. Chromosomal localization showed that SmLDH1/2/3/4 were located on chromosome 1, SmLDH5/6/7 on chromosome 2, SmLDH8/9 on chromosome 4, and SmLDH10/11/12 on chromosome 8. miRNA target prediction analysis indicated that SmLDH5/6 were regulated by members of the smi-miR390 family, while SmLDH10/11 were targeted by smi-miR156-like. Promoter cis-acting element analysis showed that, besides anaerobic-inducible cis-elements, the promoter regions of LDH family members contained numerous stress-responsive cis-acting elements, as well as hormone-responsive elements for abscisic acid (ABA), auxin and other phytohormones. Transcriptome data and qRT-PCR analysis indicated that SmLDH1/4/6/10 exhibited relatively high expression in roots. Under flooding stress, SmLDH4/6 were upregulated at different stages, while SmLDH1 responded continuously during the detection period. Under salt stress, the expression of SmLDH6 was first upregulated and then downregulated, whereas SmLDH1/4 were inhibited. After polyethylene glycol (PEG)-simulated drought treatment, SmLDH4/6/10 were upregulated. Additionally, SmLDH6/10 were induced by GA3. The root-highly expressed SmLDH1/4/6/10 in S. miltiorrhiza played roles under multiple stresses. SmLDH1 was critical in flooding stress, while SmLDH6 functions in various stresses including salt and gibberellin A3 (GA3). This study lays a foundation for further dissecting the functions of LDH family members and their roles in regulating stress resistance of S. miltiorrhiza, and provides theoretical references and gene resources for stress-tolerant molecular breeding of S. miltiorrhiza.
化文平, 刘菲, 王尚妍, 张玉芳, 李璟琦. 丹参乳酸脱氢酶(LDH)基因家族的鉴定及胁迫下表达分析[J]. 农业生物技术学报, 2026, 34(7): 1419-1428.
HUA Wen-Ping, LIU Fei, WANG Shang-Yan, ZHANG Yu-Fang, LI Jing-Qi. Identification of the Lactate Dehydrogenase (LDH) Gene Family in Salvia miltiorrhiza and Its Expression Analysis Under Stress. 农业生物技术学报, 2026, 34(7): 1419-1428.
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