Melatonin (MEL) is an endocrine hormone secreted by the pineal gland and retina, which has a wide range of biological functions through binding with melatonin receptor (MTNR). This review introduced the structure, expression, cloning，mapping, polymorphism and trait association analysis of melatonin receptor 1A gene (MTNR1A) in different species, proposed the research emphasis of MTNR1A gene in the future, and focused on the relationship between MTNR1A and reproductive seasonality. This article may provide theoretical references for reproductive seasonality mechanism research.

Purple acid phosphatases (PAPs), member of the metallo-phosphoesterase family, are involved in catalyzing the hydrolysis of various phosphate esters or anhydrides and play important role in external phosphorus assimilation and recycling P in plants. In this study, comparative genomics method was used to identify maize(Zea mays) ZmPAPs family in whole-genome scale based on the PAPs orthologs in Arabidopsis thaliana. The gene structure and phylogenetic relationship of ZmPAPs had been analyzed. The methods of sqRT-PCR, qRT-PCR and subcellular localization were performed for further study of ZmPAPs family members. The results showed that 24 ZmPAPs were identified from whole genome sequences of maize inbred line B73 and could be classified into 3 distinct groups including 8 subgroups based on amino acid sequences. Eight ZmPAPs which were analyzed by sqRT-PCR all exhibited differential expression under low phosphorus starvation. The expression profiles of 4 ZmPAPs (ZmPAP1c, ZmPAP10a, ZmPAP10b and ZmPAP26) with significant levels of differential expression were assayed by qRT-PCR and indicated that 4 ZmPAPs exhibited different expression profiles in different organs and genotypes under low phosphorus stress, among them ZmPAP1c and ZmPAP10a played important role in maintaining phosphorus homeostasis. Subcellular location analysis revealed that the products of ZmPAP1c and ZmPAP10a located in cell membrane. The analysis of acid phosphatase (APase) activity showed that APase activity in maize 178 roots was higher than that of maize 9782 and maize 178 was more sensitive than maize 9782 in responses to phosphorus starvation, indicating that the low-phosphorus tolerant maize enhanced the APase activity through regulating the expression of ZmPAPs to improve P utilization efficiency under the stress of phosphorus deprivation. In conclusion, this work provides basic data for further study on ZmPAPs family.

Glucosinolates(GS) is important secondary metabolites in cruciferous plant. Ethyl methylsulfonate (EMS) mutants of Chinese cabbage (Brassica campestris sub. pekinensis) were used as materials in this research, aiming to obtain resistance genotypes to diamondback moth (Plutella xylostella L.) and to identify relationships between resistance level and glucosinaolate (GS) contents. In this study 5 Chinese cabbage mutants with 1st grade resistance to diamondback moth were selected using two methods: In vitro and under net condition. Through analyzing content of GS in leaf, the levels of progoitrin (PRO), glucobrassicanapin (GBN) and 4-hydroxyglucobrassicin (4-OH) in mutants were higher than that in wild type. The main reason caused the resistance to DBM could be the high level of PRO. Expression levels of GS related genes between wild type and mutants were compared with qRT-PCR. Expression of myb family transcription factor 28(MYB28), MYB29, 2-oxoglutarate-dependent dioxygenase (AOP2) and 2-oxoacid-dependent dioxygenase (GSL-OH) in five mutants were higher than that in wild type, increasing folds of 1.41~4.85, 1.76~6.99, 1.16~4.60, 1.86~8.06 and 0.46~7.85, respectively. This result indicated that GS related genes MYB28, MYB29, AOP2 and GSL-OH were positive regulation to synthesis pathway of aliphatic, and uridine diphosphate (UDP)-glucosyl transferase 74B1 (UGT74B1) was positive regulation to synthesis pathway of indolyl. Analyzing the expression of above genes along with feeding time, the expression peak in mutants was earlier for 16~20 h than that in wild type, which suggested to be the sensitive performance to DBM resistance. This study can be useful for researching regulatory relations of DBM resistance and GS, and developing new varieties with resistance to insect and valuable GS component in Chinese cabbage.

Anthurium andraeanum is one of the popular lunar new year flowers in recent years. In order to optimize genetic transformation system for Anthurium andraeanum, leaves of cultivar Arizona plantlets was used as explants and the recombinant plasmid pSN1301-HYG-PhCHS was transferred to A. andraeanum cv. Arizona mediated by Agrobacterium tumefaciens GV3101. The efficient transformation system for A. andraeanum cultivar Arizona was described as follows: Leaves were cut and pre-cultured for 3 d on the 1/3 MS culture medium, which contained 200 mg/L NH4NO3, 0.5 mg/L BA, 0.05 mg/L 2,4-D, 5 g/L Agar and 30 g/L Sucrose, and then infected with A. tumefaciens (OD600=0.5) for 10 min. The inoculated leaves were put on MS culture medium at 28 ℃ under dark conditions for 3 d, and then transferred to the callus-inducing medium contained 30 mg/L hygromycin for resistant screening. The percentage of resistant-calli was 5%~6%. In total 14 transgenic plants with hygromycin resistance were obtained in this study and detected by PCR, and 9 of them were verified to be positive transgenic plants. PCR analysis also confirmed that Petunia hybrida chalcone synthase gene (PhCHS) has been transferred into A. andraeanum cultivar Arizona. The results will provide the technical support for the improvement of transgenic method for Anthurium cultivars.

The let-7 family of microRNAs (miR) which is widely involved in the regulation of development in animal tissues and organs, is an important candidate microRNAs of pig's thyroid development. In order to study the role of let-7 family in the development of Yorkshire pig's (Sus scrofa) thyroid gland, firstly, we stained pig's thyroid at different developmental stages (105 days in the embryonic period, 60, 90, 150 days in the youth period) with hematoxylin-eosin (HE) staining to discover thyroid morphological change; secondly, we used in situ hybridization (ISH) and fluorescence quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) technique to identify the expression of let-7 microRNAs at different growth stages (105 days in the embryonic period, 60, 90, 150 days in the youth period). The results showed that thyroid follicles gradually became bigger with age; the let-7 family was mainly located in the thyroid follicular epithelium; in the youth period the expression of let-7c, let-7d-3p, let-7e, let-7i rose gradually, while the expression of let-7c, let-7d-3p, let-7e, let-7 increased firstly and then decreased. Based on the above results, we predicted that the expression of let-7 had relation with the expression of thyroid hormone directly or indirectly, thereby playing an important role in thyroid growth. This study provides a new idea for further research on growth and development of pig.

The object of this study was to analyze the effects of melanocortin 3 receptor (MC3R) gene on chicken's (Gallus gallus) carcass traits. The single nucleotide polymorphisms (SNPs) of MC3R in Jinghai Yellow chicken were detected by polymerase chain reaction-single strand conformation polymorphism (PCR-SSCP) combined with sequencing technology. Then the linkage disequilibrium (LD) and haplotype analysis were conducted. As a result, 6 SNPs were identified in the coding region of MC3R, which were C160A, G192T, C273T, G310A, G549A and G762A, respectively, and there's no strong LD between the SNPs. It was found that among the 6 SNPs, the mutation C160A resulted in an amino acid change from Leu to Met, and the mutation G310A resulted in an amino acid change from Gly to Ser, and the other 4 SNPs (including G192T, C273T, G549A and G762A) all resulted in none amino acid changes which were synonymous mutations. Five haplotypes and 11 diplotypes were formed in the group of 379 Jinghai Yellow chicken. The least square analysis showed that there were significant or highly significant differences (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) in the carcass traits of Jinghai Yellow chicken (including live weight, carcass weight, breast muscle weight, leg weight, eviscerated weight, half eviscerated weight and abdominal fat weight) between the 2 different diplotypes. For the live weight of Jinghai Yellow chicken, the difference between diplotype H4H5 and H4H4 was not significant (P＞0.05), but both of them were significantly or highly significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) lower than other diplotypes. In the aspect of carcass weight, H3H3 and H3H4 diplotypes had the highest value which were significantly or highly significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) higher than other diplotypes, and H4H5 diplotype had the minimum carcass weight which were significantly or highly significantly (P＜0.05 or P＜0.01) lower than other diplotypes. The breast muscle weight of H3H3 and H3H4 diplotypes was significantly (P＜0.05) higher than H4H4, and highly significantly (P＜0.01) higher than H4H5. The leg muscle weight of H3H4, H2H5 and H1H4 diplotypes was highly significantly (P＜0.01) higher than H4H5, and significantly (P＜0.05) higher than H1H3 and H4H4 diplotypes. In terms of eviscerated weight and half eviscerated weight, H3H3 and H3H4 diplotypes were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than H1H1, H1H3, H2H4, H2H5 and H4H4 diplotypes, and highly significantly (P＜0.01) higher than H4H5 diplotype. For the abdominal fat weight, H3H3 and H3H4 diplotypes were significantly (P＜0.05) higher than H1H1, H1H4, H2H4, H2H5 and H4H4 diplotypes, and highly significantly (P＜0.01) higher than H4H5 diplotype. So H3H4 and H3H3 were the favorable diplotypes with good carcass traits, and H4H5 was the unfavorable diplotype with poor carcass traits. Therefore, MC3R might be the major gene or a gene linked with the major gene affecting chicken's carcass traits. This study may provide basic date for marker-assisted breeding of carcass traits in Jinghai Yellow chicken.

Osteopontin (OPN) is a secreted phosphoprotein, playing important roles in eggshell formation. In order to analyze the correlation between the single nucleotide polymorphism (SNPs) of OPN and egg-quality traits of laying duck, the SNPs in the exon 7 of OPN gene were screened by PCR product sequencing in 100 Shanma laying duck and 100 Shaoxing laying duck (Anas platyrhyncha domestic). Eight SNPs in Shanma laying duck and 9 in Shaoxing laying duck were detected. The effects of G544C, A671G, G672C,T761C and T873C on some egg-quality traits of Shanma laying duck reached significant or highly significant difference levels. And the effects of A671G, G672C and T761C on some egg-quality traits of Shaoxing laying duck reached significant or highly significant difference levels. For the Shanma laying duck, 3 genotypes in A671G, G672C, T761C, and T873C SNP sites were detected. Genotype BB of the sites A671G and G672C was significantly superior to the other two genotypes in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness (P＜0.01), while AA genotype was significantly higher in 300-day-old's Haugh unit (P＜0.05). BB genotype of the T761C site was significantly higher than the other two genotypes in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness (P＜0.01). BB genotype of the T873C site was significantly higher in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness and eggshell strength (P＜0.05) and 500-day-old's eggshell thickness, eggshell strength and eggshell weight (P＜0.05). Thus, we deduced that the allele B of T761C and allele B of T873C were effective genes to egg-quality trait. For the Shaoxing laying duck, AA genotype of the T761C site was significantly lower than the other two genotypes in 300-day-old's eggshell thickness and eggshell strength (P＜0.05), while BB genotype was significantly lower than AA and AB in 500-day-old's egg shape index, egg weight, eggshell weight and weight of egg contents. The results indicate that OPN gene can be used as a molecular marker for egg-quality traits in MAS breeding of laying duck.

Myosin is the major component of myofibrillar thick wire, and plays important roles in the growth and muscle contraction. In this study, reverse transcription PCR and rapid amplification cDNA ends (RACE) methods were used to obtain the full-length cDNA of myosin heavy chain1 gene (MyHC1) in Anser anser. The bioinformatic analysis and expression patter of MyHC1 mRNA at embryonic period detected by Real-time fluorescent quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR) were performed, respectively. The results showed that the MyHC1(GenBank No. KM675469) cDNA full-length was of 6 028 bp including a 5 823 bp open reading frame, 57 bp 5'UTR and 148 bp 3'UTR, and encoded a polypeptide of 1 940 amino acids. The MyHC1 protein was predicted to compose of 31 478 atoms with the formula of C9746H15817N2753O3096S66 and a kind of unstable and hydrophilic protein, with a calculated relative molecular mass of 223 kD, pI of 5.62 and an average hydropathicity of -0.786. The 3-dimensional structure of MyHC1 protein prediction online between Anser anser and Gallus gallus was highly similar, many spiral and folded pieces gathered into globular head with a long fibrous alpha helix tail. Multiple sequence comparisons showed that Anser anser MyHC1 had high homology with Gallus gallus at 92.86%, about 84% with most mammals, and relatively low with amphibians. Further amino acid sequence comparisons showed high homology with Gallus gallus at 96.45%, about 90% with most mammals, and relatively low with Xenopus laevis at 78.13%. Then phylogenetic relationship analysis indicated that mammals formed a large branch, and amphibians formed another branch. Anser anser clustered with Gallus gallus which was similar to the results of the biological classification, which verified they belonged to related species. qRT-PCR result showed that MyHC1 expressed form the early 7 d, increased until 15 d, reached a peak later, then decreased and gradually stabilized after 25 d, showing MyHC1 mRNA expression level of a downward trend after the first rise. This study provides the full-length cDNA sequence and characteristics of geese MyHC1 gene and protein, suggesting that it plays an important role in the process of muscle growth which sipplies the basic information for its function and goose meat quality traits research.

Hepcidin is a kind of small cysteine-rich cationic antimicrobial peptide which mainly expressed in livers of animals, and play an important role in immune response against microbial invasion. Thus, it is considered to be good substitutes for traditional antibiotics. In the present study, the gene encoding channel catfish (Ictalurus punctatus) hepcidin mature peptide (mCH) was synthesized with reference to its native DNA sequence according to preference of Pichia pastoris. EcoRⅠand NotⅠrestriction sites were added to 5' and 3' ends of the mCH by PCR, respectively. The expected fragment was ligated with pPIC9K vector to construct a recombinant expression vector pPIC9K-mCH which then was transformed into competent Pichia pastoris GS115 cells. The transformants (His+Mut+) containing multicopy gene insertion were screened with increasing concentration of antibiotic G418. Recombinant mCH was induced with 1.0% (V/V) methanol at 30 ℃, pH 6.0 for different times. The results showed that channel catfish mCH consisted of 25 residues, and 8 conserved cysteine residues were located at its C-terminal, suggesting that this region was responsible for its antibacterial activity. The total protein in the supernatant culture reached a peak concentration at 72 h during the induction period, which indicated that 72 h was an optimal expression time. Furthermore, the recombinant mCH was purified by SP Sepharose Fast Flow column with 20 mmol/L PB (pH 6.5) containing 500 mmol/L NaCl. Tricine-SDS-PAGE analysis demonstrated that molecular mass of the purified recombinant mCH was 3 800 D. According to the concentration of purified mCH, expression yield of the recombinant mCH was calculated to be 51 mg/L. Antibacterial assays showed that the fermentation supernatant concentrated for 10 and 15 times containing the recombinant mCH had bioactivities against Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli. The present study first realized the recombinant DNA expression of channel catfish hepcidin mature peptide in Pichia pastoris, which provides the important initial value for industrial production of hepcidin antimicrobial peptide.

Soluble starch synthaseⅠ(SSⅠ), SSⅢ-1 and pullulanase (PUL) genes are involved in the synthesis process of amylopectin. In order to study their effects on rice (Oryza sativa L.) quality, we used backcross inbred lines (BILs) as materials which were constructed by indica photo-thermo-sensitive gene male sterile (PTGMS) line Guangzhan 63S and rice potential restorer line CG173R which contained the same alleles of granule bound starch synthase gene (Wx) and SSⅡ-3. Furthermore, the eating and cooking qualities were measured among the BILs. The results showed that there were 5 different starch synthesis-related genes(ADP-glucose pyrophos-phorylase large subunit ADPG (AGPlar), starch branching enzymeⅢ(SBE3), PUL, SSⅠand SSⅢ-1) for two parents; SSⅠ, SSⅢ-1 and PUL genes had significant effects on eating and cooking qualities in the B1C1F9 line among them. The 4 indices of physicochemical (alkali spreading value (ASV), peak viscosity (PKV), breakdown value (BDV) and peak time (PeT)) of the materials for different genotypes reached significantly different level(P＜0.05) in the SSⅢ-1 gene separation population. On the PUL gene loci, the significant difference existed on the gel consistency (GC) and consistence value(CSV) for different genotypes. Split plot analysis showed that interaction effects of SSⅢ-1 and SSⅠgene on gelatinization temperature(GT) reached extremely significant level(P＜0.01), and the effects on apparent amylase content (AAC), GC, PKV and ASV reached significantly different level(P＜0.05). Hence, it could be concluded that SSⅢ-1 and PUL genes had significant effects on the eating and cooking qualities and there was an apparent interaction effect between SSⅢ-1 and SSⅠgenes. In the same background of Wx and SSⅡ genes, the study of effects of minor genes among the starch synthesis-related genes on rice quality has importance for improving the rice eating and cooking qualities and accelerating the research on rice quality breeding.

Liver is one of the most important organ for aquatic animals, which plays a pivotal role in regulating various physiological processes, such as metabolism, conversion, detoxification, secretion and storage. The diversity of function makes the liver more vulnerable to the destruction of the exogenous substances. Quercetin (QC), a kind of flavonoids, derived from many plants, has diverse pharmacological effects including immune regulation, antioxidant, antitumor, hypoglycemic effects, reduction of blood fat, and so on. Although numerous studies about the healthy aspects of QC on humans and mammals have been reported, there is a lack report about its healthy effects on aquatic animals. This study was to explore the protective effect of quercetin on CCl4-induced liver injury in common carp (Cyprinus carpio). In this study, 1,1-dipheny l-2-picrylhydrazyl radical (DPPH) was applied to evaluate the radical scavenging capacity of QC. The hepatocytes were treated with different concentrations of QC before (pre-treatment), after (post-treatment) and both before and after (pre- and post-treatment) incubation with 8 mmol/L CCl4. Then the activities of glutamatepyruvate transaminase (GPT), aspartate transaminase (GOT), lactate dehydrogenase (LDH), and superoxide dismutase (SOD), as well as the release amount of malondialdehyde (MDA) in the supernatant were measured and the hepatocytes viability were assayed by MTT. The mRNA expression levels of cytochrome enzymes P450 1A (CYP1A), 3A (CYP3A), inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS), interleukin-1β (IL-1β) and interleukin-6 (IL-6) were detected by Real-time quantitative PCR (qRT-PCR). Also, the relative content of nuclear transcription factors-κB (NF-κB c-Rel and p65) were detected by Western blot. The results showed that QC can scavenge the radicals effectively even at low concentration. QC markedly inhibited the level of GOT, GPT and LDH, indicating that QC had a positive effect on the protection of cytoplasm enzyme from leaking. QC significantly decreased MDA and elevated SOD, suggesting that QC could alleviate the lipid peroxidation and improve the antioxidant capacity.QC positively inhibited the expression levels of CYP1A and CYP3A. Thus, we deduced that QC could intervene the CYP450 enzymes to reduce the metabolism injury. Furthermore, QC significantly inhibited the activities of c-Rel and p65, the mechanism might be that QC suppressed free radicals to alleviate the inflammatory response. Administration of QC in the pre-treatment group showed the best effect on the inhibition of CCl4-induced liver injury, followed by the pre- and post-treatment group, post-treatment group of somewhat less. Each group with QC at the concentration of 0.1 and 0.2 mg/mL showed signifficant effect on the protection of damaged cells. The findings presented that QC can protect the hepatocytes from the chemical damage and positively inhibited the mRNA expression of CYP1A and CYP3A, and immune inflammatory response.

In order to clarify the genetic model and the mode of gene action of main traits of plant architecture and estimate the genetic effects and genetic force of the main gene, the plant architecture traits, internode length, lateral branch length, main-stem diameter and leaf area, were analyzed with with P1, P2, F1 and F2 populations from melon (Cucumis melo L.) using the joint segregation analysis method of mixed major gene plus polygene inheritance model. The F1 and F2 populations were derived from parents with the muskmelon material RE-19 (Cucumis melo var. cantalupensis Naudin) and Hami melon material AM-5 (Cucumis melo var. ameri Pangalo). The results showed that the internode length and the lateral branch length fitted two additive-dominance major genes plus additive-dominance polygene mode (E-2), the main-stem diameter fitted two additive-dominance-epitasis major genes plus additive-dominance polygene mode(E-1), and the leaf area fitted additive-dominance polygene mode (C-0). The heritability of major genes for the internode length, lateral branch length and main-stem diameter were 75.03%, 54.86% and 42.83%, respectively and the heritability of polygenes for the internode length, lateral branch length and main-stem diameter were 2.68%, 6.41%, 2.1% and 55.47%, respectively. Genetic variances of internode length, lateral branch length, main-stem diameter length and leaf area accounted for 77.68%, 61.06%, 50.25% and 55.47%, respectively of the phenotypic variance, which suggested that the 4 traits of plant architecture of melon were controlled by the genetic factors. The heritability of major gene for the internode length and the branch length was higher, while the heritability of major gene for the main-stem diameter was lower. The leaf area was controlled by polygenes, and no major gene. Therefore, it would be more efficient to conduct selection for the internode length and the lateral branches length in early generation in melon plant type breeding, and the selection for the main- stem diameter and leaf area should be selected in high generation. The results provide the theory reference for the improvement of melon plant type breeding.

English grain aphid (EGA) (Sitobion avenae) is one of the main pests affecting wheat (Triticum aestivum) production in China. Total 54 wheat varieties showed similar resistance to EGA at both seedling and adult plant stages were used as experimental population in this study. The wheat population was analyzed with 99 wheat genome-wide simple sequence repeat (SSR) markers to ascertain the genetic diversity and identify SSR markers associated with EGA resistance. The results indicated that 1 038 alleles were detected and the average number of alleles per locus was 10.48 with a range from 2 to 30. The polymorphism information content (PIC) values ranged from 0.178 6 to 0.973 8, with an average of 0.717 8. Cluster analysis revealed that 2 clusters were identified based on the Nei's genetic distances in the 54 accessions examined. Most varieties with similar geographical origins or resistance to EGA were clustered into the same sub-groups. There were 16 SSR markers associated with EGA resistance through general linear model (GLM) program, and the rates of explanation on the phenotype of related markers ranged from 0.221 9 to 0.556 7. There were 4 SSR markers associated with EGA resistance with the rates of explanation ranging from 0.029 5 to 0.063 3 through mixed linear model (MLM) program. These markers distributed on 14 arms of 11 chromosomes. The genetic diversity and the resistant alleles identification provide basic information on wheat resistance to aphid in breeding and molecular assisted breeding.

Zona pellucida 3 (ZP3) is the most important acceptor in the sperm-egg binding. In order to construct Myospalax fontanierii mZP3 eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-mZP3 and detect the expression, mZP3 fragment was obtained by PCR and inserted into the eukaryotic expression vector pEGFP-N1. pEGFP-mZP3 was transfected to Chinese hamster ovary (CHO) cell and injected into Kunming mice (Mus musculus), its expression was detected using RT-PCR and Weston bolt. Identification result showed that expression vector pEGFP-mZP3 was constructed successfully, the transfected cells emitted green fluorescence. RT-PCR and Western bolt test results showed that mZP3 expressed in CHO cells, and the target genes were also detected in the liver of mice. These results suggested that expression vector pEGFP-mZP3 successfully expressed in CHO cells, and provide the basis for the control of Myospalax fontanierii by immunization approach.

Deer antlers are the only known mammalian organs which can periodically regenerate from pedicles. Antler regeneration is known as a stem cell-based process and antler stem cells reside in pedicle periosteum. In this study conditions of two-dimensional electrophoresis for antler stem cells in sika deer (Cervus nippon) were optimized in the following four aspects including cell processing, staining, isoelectric focusing condition and protein purification. Results showed that comparing with ultrasonic, Bullet Blender had a better effect on cell breaking. It could get more and clearer protein points by combining coomassie brilliant blue staining and silver staining. When the total volt-hours of isoelectric focusing was at 15000 volt-hours, the vertical stripes were relatively lighter. By comparing six kinds of protein extraction and purification methods, the one combining the manual lysate and 2D cleanup kit would get more protein points, lighter background and clearer map. After the comprehensive optimization of two-dimensional electrophoresis, the acquired maps had more and clearer protein spots, less stripes and better reproducibility, meanwhile, they could accord with the requirements of software analysis and experimental treatments. The optimization could apply to the study of antler stem cell proteome. All these researches could provide foundation for the study of comparative proteomics in different developmental phases of antler stem cells.

Promoter of Cauliflower mosaicvirus 35S(CaMV35S) and terminator of nopaline synthase gene(tNOS) are preferred parameters in screening detection of genetically modified organisms(GMO). In routine assay, some primers in stardands have non-specific amplification and low sensibility. In this study, 4 pairs of primer were collected, of which amplification product length are 195, 165, 147 and 123 bp, respectively, for CaMV35S, and 180, 172, 165 and 118 bp, for tNOS, respectively, and are used in different international and domestic standards. The specificity, sensitivity and amplification of 8 primers were tested and evaluated through ordinary PCR and Real-time PCR. The result showed that the primers with amplification product length of 165 and 147 bp, for CaMV35S, respectively, 172 and 165 bp, for tNOS, respectively, presented higher specificity and sensitivity, and were very suitable for GMO screening with high efficiency in detecting different processed products. However, CaMV35S 195 bp primer and tNOS 180 bp primer amplified weakly and nonspecificly, and that of CaMV35S 123 bp primer and tNOS 118 bp primer were weak and unstable. The study evaluate the primers in different international and domestic standards through ordinary PCR and Real-time PCR, and will be useful for the detection and supervision of GMOs.